Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in First-Episode Psychosis: Prevalence and Related Factors

Abstract Objective Numerous research studies have demonstrated an association between higher symptom severity and cognitive impairment with poorer social functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP). By contrast, the influence of subjective experiences, such as social relatedness and self-beliefs, has received less attention. Consequently, a cohesive understanding of how these variables interact to influence social functioning is lacking. Method We used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect relationships among neurocognition (processing speed) and social cognition, symptoms, and social relatedness (perceived social support and loneliness) and self-beliefs (self-efficacy and self-esteem) in 170 individuals with FEP. Results The final model yielded an acceptable model fit (χ2 = 45.48, comparative fit index = 0.96; goodness of fit index = 0.94; Tucker–Lewis index = 0.94; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06) and explained 45% of social functioning. Negative symptoms, social relatedness, and self-beliefs exerted a direct effect on social functioning. Social relatedness partially mediated the impact of social cognition and negative symptoms on social functioning. Self-beliefs also mediated the relationship between social relatedness and social functioning. Conclusions The observed associations highlight the potential value of targeting social relatedness and self-beliefs to improve functional outcomes in FEP. Explanatory models of social functioning in FEP not accounting for social relatedness and self-beliefs might be overestimating the effect of the illness-related factors.

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Differential predictors of critical comments and emotional over-involvement in first-episode psychosis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291708004765 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 63-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

M. Álvarez-Jiménez ◽

J. F. Gleeson ◽

S. M. Cotton ◽

D. Wade ◽

K. Crisp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Stress ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

First Episode ◽

Future Research ◽

Burden Of Care ◽

Related Factors ◽

Episode Psychosis

BackgroundLittle research has focused on delineating the specific predictors of emotional over-involvement (EOI) and critical comments (CC) in the early course of psychosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential relationships of EOI and CC with relevant predictors in relatives of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients.MethodBaseline patient-related factors including psychotic symptoms, depression and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and carer attributes comprising CC, EOI, burden of care and carers' stress and depression were assessed in a cohort of 63 remitted FEP patients and their relatives. Carers were reassessed at 7 months follow-up.ResultsBaseline analysis showed that EOI was more strongly correlated with family stress compared with CC, whereas CC yielded a stronger association with DUP than EOI. Carers' CC at follow-up was not significantly predicted by either baseline family stress, burden of care or patient-related variables. Conversely, baseline EOI predicted both family stress and burden of care at 7 months follow-up. Finally, family burden of care at follow-up was a function of baseline EOI and patients' depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary support to the postulate that EOI and CC may be influenced by separate factors early in the course of psychosis and warrant future research and therapeutic interventions as separate constructs. Implications for family interventions in the early phase of psychosis and the prevention of CC and EOI are discussed.

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A systematic review of PTSD to the experience of Psychosis: Prevalence and associated factors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26835/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Georgina Buswell ◽

Zoë Haime ◽

Brynmor Lloyd-Evans ◽

Jo Billings

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Related Factors ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Background: Psychosis can be a sufficiently traumatic event to lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has focussed on the trauma of first episode psychosis (FEP) and the only review to date of PTSD beyond the first episode period is potentially outdated.Methods: We searched electronic databases and reference lists using predetermined inclusion criteria to retrieve studies that reported prevalence rates and associated factors of psychosis-related PTSD across all stages of the course of psychosis. Studies were included if they measured PTSD specifically related to the experience of psychosis. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results were synthesised narratively.Results: Six papers met inclusion criteria. Prevalence estimates of psychosis-related PTSD varied from 14% to 47%. Studies either assessed first-episode samples or did not specify the number of episodes experienced. Depression was consistently associated with psychosis-related PTSD. Other potential associations included treatment-related factors, psychosis severity, childhood trauma, and individual psychosocial reactions to trauma.Conclusions: Psychosis-related PTSD is a common problem in people with psychosis. There is a lack of published research on this beyond first episode psychosis. Further research is needed on larger, more generalizable samples. Our results tentatively suggest that prevalence rates of psychosis-related PTSD have not reduced over the past decade despite ambitions to provide trauma-informed care.Prospero registration number: CRD42019138750

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End-of-Life-Related Factors Associated with Posttraumatic Stress and Prolonged Grief in Parentally Bereaved Adolescents

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.1177/0030222820963768 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 003022282096376

Author(s):

Megan Weber Falk ◽

Anette Alvariza ◽

Ulrika Kreicbergs ◽

Josefin Sveen

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

End Of Life ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Related Factors ◽

Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽

Prolonged Grief ◽

Parentally Bereaved ◽

Significant Difference

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) are well-documented in parentally bereaved adolescents. Whether or not the parent’s death is perceived as traumatic may be influenced by several end-of-life-related factors. This study aimed to examine the associations between end-of-life-related factors, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), symptoms of prolonged grief disorder and PGD, and the association between PTSD and PGD. Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the relationships between end-of-life-related factors, PTSD, and PGD. Regretting one’s decision to be present or not present at the time of death resulted in a significant difference in self-reported scores for PTSD, but not PGD.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and related factors after circumcision operation performed with general or local anesthesia

10.26226/morressier.5885d712d462b8028d892242 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Omer Faruk Akca

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Local Anesthesia ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Related Factors ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

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The Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adult Earthquake Survivors in Peru

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/s1935789300002408 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Javier B. Cairo ◽

Suparna Dutta ◽

Haq Nawaz ◽

Shahrukh Hashmi ◽

Stanislav Kasl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Perceived Support ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Water Shortages ◽

Related Factors ◽

Female Sex ◽

Low Levels ◽

Earthquake Survivors

ABSTRACTObjectives: To estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to assess the relationships between PTSD and demographic and disaster-related factors.Methods: Five months after a magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck the city of Pisco, Peru, we conducted a cross-sectional study using demographic questions, the PTSD Checklist, and a translated version of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. We used stratified sampling to randomly enroll subjects in Pisco and its annexes. We then used bivariate and multivariate analyses to find correlations between PTSD and demographic and disaster-related factors.Results: We interviewed 298 adult earthquake survivors and detected 75 cases of PTSD (prevalence 25.2%; 95% confidence interval, 20.2%-30.1%). In the bivariate analysis, PTSD was significantly associated with female sex, loss of church, food and water shortages immediately after the earthquake, joblessness, injuries, loss of a relative or friend, lack of clean drinking water or appropriate sleeping conditions 5 months after the earthquake, and low levels of perceived support from family and friends. In the multivariate analysis, only female sex, food and water shortages, loss of church, injuries, and low levels of perceived support from family and friends were independently associated with PTSD.Conclusions: PTSD affected about a quarter of Pisco's population. Its impact was moderate to severe when compared with other disasters worldwide and in Latin America.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:39-46)

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