scholarly journals Refractive Indices of Aqueous Solutions of Isomeric Butylamines at 303.15 K: Experimental and Correlative Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1030
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. R. Khan ◽  
Mohammed Sohel ◽  
Md. Ariful Islam ◽  
Faisal I Chowdhury ◽  
Shamim Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Tert Butylamine ◽  
Derived Properties ◽  
Mole Fraction Range

Refractive indices () and densities (r) of water (W) + n-butylamine (NBA), + sec-butylamine (SBA) and + tert-butylamine (TBA) systems had been measured in the whole range of composition at 303.15 K, from which deviation in refractive index (DnD ) molar refraction (Rm) and excess molar refraction () had been evaluated. All of the derived properties were fitted to appropriate polynomials. DnD were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. Values of DnD were all positive and were all negative which were attributed to cross hydrogen bonding, specific interactions as well as interstitial accommodation effect. A comparative study of Lorentz-Lorenz (L-L), Weiner (W), Heller (H), Gladstone-Dale (G-D), Arago-Biot (A-B), Eykman (Eyk), Newton (Nw), Eyring-John (E-J) and Oster (Os) relations for determining the refractive index of a liquid had been carried out to test their validity for the three binaries over the entire mole fraction range of butylamines at 303.15 K.

Computational Approach of Molar Refraction, Molecular Radius and Internal Pressure of a Binary Mixture - Molecular Interaction Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar K. ◽  
Srinivasu Ch. ◽  
Siva Rama Krishna J. ◽  
Jitendra M.S.N.V.
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Excess Parameters ◽  
Molecular Radius

Refractive indices and molar volume of binary liquid mixture of 1, 4-dioxane with 1-butanol were measured over the entire composition range at T= (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 & 318) K using Anton Paar and Abbemat Refractometer. Basing empirical formulae and the measured data were utilized to evaluate the molar refraction (Rm), molecular radii (r), internal pressure (pi) along with their excess parameters. The computed results of RmE, rE and piE were fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation and focused on the molecular interactions present in the mixture.

scholarly journals Density and Comparative Refractive Index Study on Mixing Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Eucalyptol with Hydrocarbons at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Sharma ◽  
Pragnesh B. Patel ◽  
Rignesh S. Patel ◽  
J. J. Vora
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Binary Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Mixing Properties ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Index Study ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mole Fraction Range

Density and refractive index have been experimentally determined for binary liquid mixtures of eucalyptol with hydrocarbons (o-xylene,m-xylene and toluene) at 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K. A comparative study of Lorentz-Lorenz (L-L), Weiner (W), Heller (H), Gladstone-Dale (G-D), Arago-Biot (A-B), Eykman (Eyk), Newton (Nw), Eyring-John (E-J) and Oster (Os) relations for determining the refractive index of a liquid has been carried out to test their validity for the three binaries over the entire mole fraction range of eucalyptol at 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K. Comparison of various mixing rules has been expressed in terms of average deviation. From the experimentally measured values, refractive index deviations at different temperatures have been computed and fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive the binary coefficients and standard deviations.

scholarly journals Measuring the refractive index of a methanol - water mixture according to the wavelength

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Dung Tien Nguyen ◽  
Le Canh Trung ◽  
Nguyen Duy Cuong ◽  
Ho Dinh Quang ◽  
Dinh Xuan Khoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
White Light ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Spectral Interferometry ◽  
Binary Liquid

The refractive index of the methanol-water mixture depending on the wavelength at different concentrations was determined by our experimental method using a Michelson interferometer system. A comparative study of Gladstone-Dale, Arago–Biot and Newton relations for predicting the refractive index of a liquid has been carried out to test their validity for the methanol-water mixture with the different concentrations 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The comparison shows the good agreement between our experimental results and the results in the expressions studied over the wavelength range approximately from 450 to 850 nm. Full Text: PDF ReferencesS. Sharma, P.B. Patel, R.S. Patel, "Density and Comparative Refractive Index Study on Mixing Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Eucalyptol with Hydrocarbons at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K", E-Journal of Chemistry 4(3), 343 (2007). CrossRef A. Gayathri, T. Venugopal, R. Padmanaban, K. Venkatramanan, R. Vijayalakshmi, "A comparative study of experimental and theoretical refractive index of binary liquid mixtures using mathematical methods", IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 390, 012116 (2018). CrossRef A. Jahan, M.A. Alam, M.A.R. Khan, S. Akhtar, "Refractive Indices for the Binary Mixtures of N, N-Dimethylformamide with 2-Butanol and 2-Pentanol at Temperatures 303.15 K, 313.15 K, and 323.15 K", American Journal of Physical Chemistry 7(4), 55 (2018). CrossRef N. An, B. Zhuang, M. Li, Y. Lu, Z. Wang, "Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study of Refractive Indices of Water–Acetonitrile–Salt Systems", J. Phys. Chem. B 119(33), 10701 (2015). CrossRef M. Upadhyay, S.U. Lego, "Refractive Index of Acetone-Water mixture at different concentrations", American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics 20(1), 77 (2017). CrossRef T.H. Barnes, K.Matsumoto, T. Eiju, K. Matsuda, N. Ooyama, "Grating interferometer with extremely high stability, suitable for measuring small refractive index changes", Appl. Opt. 30, 745 (1991). CrossRef B. W. Grange, W. H. Stevenson, R. Viskanta, "Refractive index of liquid solutions at low temperatures: an accurate measurement", Applied Optics 15(4), 858 (1976). CrossRef P. Hlubina, "White-light spectral interferometry with the uncompensated Michelson interferometer and the group refractive index dispersion in fused silica", Optics Communications 193(1-6), 1 (2001). CrossRef P. Hlubina, W. Urbanczyk, "Dispersion of the group birefringence of a calcite crystal measured by white-light spectral interferometry", Meas. Sci. Technol. 16(6), 1267 (2005). CrossRef P. Hlubina, D. Ciprian, L. Knyblová, "Direct measurement of dispersion of the group refractive indices of quartz crystal by white-light spectral interferometry", Optics Communications 269(1), 8 (2007). CrossRef S. R. Kachiraju, D. A. Gregory, "Determining the refractive index of liquids using a modified Michelson interferometer", Optics & Laser Technology 44(8), 2361 (2012). CrossRef F. Gladstone, D. Dale, "XXXVI. On the influence of temperature on the refraction of light", Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 148, 887 (1858). CrossRef D.F.J. Arago, J.B. Biot, Mem. Acad. Fr. 15, 7 (1806). CrossRef Kurtz S S and Ward A L J, "The refractivity intercept and the specific refraction equation of Newton. I. development of the refractivity intercept and comparison with specific refraction equations", Franklin Inst. 222, 563-592 (1936). CrossRef K. Moutzouris, M. Papamichael, S. C. Betsis, I. Stavrakas, G. Hloupis, D. Triantis, "Refractive, dispersive and thermo-optic properties of twelve organic solvents in the visible and near-infrared", Appl. Phys. B 116, 617 (2013). CrossRef S. Kedenburg, M. Vieweg, T. Gissibl, H. Giessen, "Linear refractive index and absorption measurements of nonlinear optical liquids in the visible and near-infrared spectral region", Opt. Mater. Express 2(11), 1588 (2012). CrossRef

scholarly journals Refractive indices of ternary liquid mixtures containing aliphatic alcohols at several temperatures

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Sovilj ◽  
Branislava Barjaktarovic
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Mole Fraction Range ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Refractive Index Deviations

The refractive indices of ternary liquid mixtures (2-propanol+2-butanol+ethanol) and (chloroform+2-propanol+2-butanol) were measured at 20, 25, 30, and 35?C, and atmospheric pressure. The results were used to calculate the refractive index deviations over the entire mole fraction range for the mixtures. The refractive index deviations for the ternary mixtures were further fitted to empirical correlations (Cibulka Nagata-Tamura, and Lopez et al) to estimate the ternary fitting parameters. Standard deviations and average percentage deviations from the regression lines are shown. The best fit was obtained by the Nagata-Tamura empirical correlation. Some of the existing predictive equations for the refractive index deviations (Tsao-Smith, K?hler, and Colinet) were tested.

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Insights to Physicochemical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of 1, 2-Ethanediol and 1, 2, 3-Propanetriol at Different Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6498-6512
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Isentropic Compressibility ◽  
Excess Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Derived Properties ◽  
Chemical Attributes

Water is designated as “Universal solvent” due to its physical and chemical attributes. Water becomes attracted to different types of molecules due to the polar arrangement of oxygen and hydrogen atoms having partial negative and positive charges. The density (ρ), ultrasonic velocity (U), viscosity (η) and refractive index (nD) of the aqueous solutions of 1, 2-ethanediol / 1, 2, 3-propanetriol have been determined at three different temperatures. Derived properties such molar volume (V), isentropic compressibility (ᵝs), acoustic impedance (Z) and free length (Lf) have been calculated using density, ultrasonic velocity and refractive index values at the measured temperatures. To evaluate various, inter and intra-molecular associations present in the systems, the excess properties (VE, ᵝsE, ZE, Lf E, ηE and ∆nD) are estimated. The excess values obtained experimentally have been fitted to the Redlich -Kister polynomial equation. Multiple linear regression and mixing rules have been adopted to calculate the viscosity and refractive index for the aqueous solutions at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15K.

Light microscopy of ceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 908-909
Author(s):  
Walter C. McCrone
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Refractive Index

An excellent chapter on this subject by V.D. Fréchette appeared in a book edited by L.L. Hench and R.W. Gould in 1971 (1). That chapter with the references cited there provides a very complete coverage of the subject. I will add a more complete coverage of an important polarized light microscope (PLM) technique developed more recently (2). Dispersion staining is based on refractive index and its variation with wavelength (dispersion of index). A particle of, say almandite, a garnet, has refractive indices of nF = 1.789 nm, nD = 1.780 nm and nC = 1.775 nm. A Cargille refractive index liquid having nD = 1.780 nm will have nF = 1.810 and nC = 1.768 nm. Almandite grains will disappear in that liquid when observed with a beam of 589 nm light (D-line), but it will have a lower refractive index than that liquid with 486 nm light (F-line), and a higher index than that liquid with 656 nm light (C-line).

Application of the turbidity ratio method in the spherical particle size determination in the range m ∈ and α ∈

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2064-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blahoslav Sedláček ◽  
Břetislav Verner ◽  
Miroslav Bárta ◽  
Karel Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Spherical Particle ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Relative Refractive Index ◽  
Particle Size Determination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Turbidity Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

Basic scattering functions were used in a novel calculation of the turbidity ratios for particles having the relative refractive index m = 1.001, 1.005 (0.005) 1.315 and the size α = 0.05 (0.05) 6.00 (0.10) 15.00 (0.50) 70.00 (1.00) 100, where α = πL/λ, L is the diameter of the spherical particle, λ = Λ/μ1 is the wavelength of light in a medium with the refractive index μ1 and Λ is the wavelength of light in vacuo. The data are tabulated for the wavelength λ = 546.1/μw = 409.357 nm, where μw is the refractive index of water. A procedure has been suggested how to extend the applicability of Tables to various refractive indices of the medium and to various turbidity ratios τa/τb obtained with the individual pairs of wavelengths λa and λb. The selection of these pairs is bound to the sequence condition λa = λ0χa and λb = λ0χb, in which b-a = δ = 1, 2, 3; a = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., b = a + δ = -1, 0, 1, 2, ...; λ0 = λa=0 = 326.675 nm; χ = 546.1 : 435.8 = 1.2531 is the quotient of the given sequence.

Development of Low-Cost Abbe Refractometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Weeratouch Pongruengkiat ◽  
Thitika Jungpanich ◽  
Kodchakorn Ittipornnuson ◽  
Suejit Pechprasarn ◽  
Naphat Albutt
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Component ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Optical Wavelength ◽  
Refractive Index Spectrum ◽  
Transparent Polymers ◽  
Abbe Refractometer

Refractive index and Abbe number are major physical properties of optical materials including glasses and transparent polymers. Refractive index is, in fact, not a constant number and is varied as a function of optical wavelength. The full refractive index spectrum can be obtained using a spectrometer. However, for optical component designers, three refractive indices at the wavelengths of 486.1 nm, 589.3 nm and 656.3 nm are usually sufficient for most of the design tasks, since the rest of the spectrum can be predicted by mathematical models and interpolation. In this paper, we propose a simple optical instrumental setup that determines the refractive indices at three wavelengths and the Abbe number of solid and liquid materials.

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