The Research of a New Purifying Agent on Synthesis and Performance

This paper synthesis a new purifying agent on a rapid semidry process, using a natural guar gum as basic material, which was carboxymethyl guar. The factors which affect degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethyl guar, such as the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the consumption of chloroacetic acid, and the consumption of sodium hydroxide etc were studied. The best synthesis condition was concluded. The flocculating property of the produced purifying agent was studied. Then the experiment analysis the structure and thermal stability through IR and DTA. The experiment results showed that the turbidity ratio of the micro-polluted water was better than other purifying agents. The synthetic purifying agent should have potential applications in the wastewater market.

Light scattering size estimation of nearly monodisperse spherical particles in the multivalued region: A reminiscence

For the size estimation of large, nearly monodisperse spherical particles, the forward angle dissymmetry technique (FAD) has been used and the results compared with data obtained by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and integral turbidity ratio (ITR) methods. Starting with a certain relative particle size which depends on the chosen angle pair, the FAD functions go through several extremes and become multivalued. The possibility of the particle size estimation under such conditions and, also, without the knowledge of actual particle concentration (but knowing the relative refractive index), is discussed in this paper.

Application of the turbidity ratio method in the spherical particle size determination in the range m ∈ and α ∈

Basic scattering functions were used in a novel calculation of the turbidity ratios for particles having the relative refractive index m = 1.001, 1.005 (0.005) 1.315 and the size α = 0.05 (0.05) 6.00 (0.10) 15.00 (0.50) 70.00 (1.00) 100, where α = πL/λ, L is the diameter of the spherical particle, λ = Λ/μ1 is the wavelength of light in a medium with the refractive index μ1 and Λ is the wavelength of light in vacuo. The data are tabulated for the wavelength λ = 546.1/μw = 409.357 nm, where μw is the refractive index of water. A procedure has been suggested how to extend the applicability of Tables to various refractive indices of the medium and to various turbidity ratios τa/τb obtained with the individual pairs of wavelengths λa and λb. The selection of these pairs is bound to the sequence condition λa = λ0χa and λb = λ0χb, in which b-a = δ = 1, 2, 3; a = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., b = a + δ = -1, 0, 1, 2, ...; λ0 = λa=0 = 326.675 nm; χ = 546.1 : 435.8 = 1.2531 is the quotient of the given sequence.

Extension of the turbidity ratio method to the near infrared region

The turbidity ratio method has been extended to the near infrared region. In addition to the usual wavelengths 435.8, 546.1 and 684.3 nm, wavelengths 857.5, 1 074 and 1 346 nm were also used in the measurements. Using a model system of polystyrene latex, it was shown that the turbidity ratio method could be utilized also in this range of wavelengths. Its advantages and shortcomings were demonstrated.