scholarly journals The Humoral Activity of the Avian Thymic Microenvironment

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES A. MARSH
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Activity

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THYMUS FUNCTION

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osias Stutman ◽  
Edmond J. Yunis ◽  
Robert A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cooperative Effect ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Thymic Function ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Humoral Activity

Immunological restoration of 45-day old, neonatally thymectomized C3Hf mice by treatment with humoral thymic function (thymoma grafts, thymus or thymoma in diffusion chambers) ranges from 0 to 12% and is difficult to acheive. When small numbers (5–20 x 106) of young adult lymphohemopoietic cells, ineffective by themselves, are given in association with humoral thymic function, a cooperative effect is observed and restoration ranges from 30 to 60%. With a particular cell dosage (20 x 106), effectivity for cooperation with thymic function was the following in decreasing order: spleen, lymph nodes, thoracic duct cells, bone marrow, blood leukocytes, thymus, and Peyer's patch cells. Comparable results were obtained using spleen, thymus, and hemopoietic liver from newborn donors in association with thymic function. For similar cell dosages, newborn thymus cells were more effective than adult thymus in their cooperative effect with thymic function. Dispersed thymus cells in association with young adult bone marrow or newborn hemopoietic liver cells showed no synergism for the cooperative effect with thymic function in the present model. Using hemiallogeneic cells (F1 hybrid into parent) it was possible to show that restoration was mediated by proliferative expansion of the injected cells. This was indicated by specific tolerance to tissues of the other parental strain and by cellular chimerism, especially of lymphoid tissues, as indicated by chromosome markers and absence of significant numbers of immunocompetent cells of host origin. A population of paritally differentiated cells of hemopoietic origin, termed postthymic, sensitive to humoral activity of the thymus and present in the lymphohemopoietic tissues of adult and newborn mice is postulated to explain our results. These cells are postthymic and thymus dependent in the sense that they already received thymic influence, probably through traffic, and are incapable of self-renewal in absence of the thymus. Sensitivity to humoral activity of the thymus is characterized by proliferative expansion and/or a differentiative process eventually leading to larger numbers of competent cells.

“Mirum est si intellectus noster omnem scientiam accipiens ex phantasmate”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ile Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Albert The Great ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Humoral Activity

Abstract Albert`s so called “anthropology” is putting the human being on the top of a hierarchy of living things in virtue of a unique feature – i.e. the possession of the intellect – that offers the possibility to transcend the changing realm of nature and to rise its possessor to the dignity of his creator. Although, throughout his corpus Albert often defends the independence of the human intellect from matter and consequently from the body and senses, his works of natural philosophy seem to give us a different perspective. In De animalibus, Albert is considering the brain as the divine member of the body responsible for the operations of sensation and, to a certain degree, of intellection. Such being the case, the entire humoral activity of the human body has a direct influence on the activity of the intellect, in spite of its divine nature. Accordingly, the main purpose of my study is to point out how the classical humoral theory is integrated by Albert the Great in his physiological consideration for an explanation of the intellect placed between the murky boundaries of natural philosophy and metaphysics.

scholarly journals Humoral Activity of Cord Blood-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells: Implications for Stem Cell-Based Adjuvant Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e83833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Paczkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczyńska ◽  
Ewa Pius-Sadowska ◽  
Dorota Rogińska ◽  
Miłosz Kawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Humoral Activity

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THYMUS FUNCTION

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osias Stutman ◽  
Edmond J. Yunis ◽  
Robert A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Cooperative Effect ◽  
Embryonic Liver ◽  
Thymic Function ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Thymic Stroma ◽  
Humoral Activity

Significant immunological restoration of 45-day old, neonatally thymectomized C3Hf mice was obtained by the cooperation of syngeneic newborn or embryonic hemopoietic liver cells with thymic function. Thymic function or cells alone are almost ineffective or restore approximately 10% of the animals. Newborn liver cells are effective in association with thymus grafts or humoral thymic function (thymoma grafts and thymus or thymomas in diffusion chambers). Embryonic liver cells are ineffective, even in large numbers, when associated with humoral thymic function. On the other hand, embryonic liver cells are effective in the cooperative effect only in association with viable thymus grafts, preferably syngeneic, whether the grafts were placed subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or under the kidney capsule. Dispersed viable thymic cells are ineffective in association with embryonic liver cells. Cells capable of cooperating with humoral thymic function start to appear to embryonic liver by day 19–21 of gestation and are detectable until day 5–6 postbirth. Embryonic hemopoietic liver cells from 12 to 18 days of gestation contain cells capable of cooperation only with viable free thymus grafts and not with humoral thymic function. A prethymic cell population of partially differentiated cells of hemopoietic origin, insensitive to humoral activity of the thymus but requiring thymic stroma and traffic through the thymus is postulated to explain our results. This population of prethymic cells can become postthymic through this process and eventually develop into competent cells. Postthymic cells are characterized by their sensitivity to humoral activity of the thymus and by their wide distribution in the lymphohemopoietic tissues of newborn and young adult mice.

scholarly journals In Vitro Studies of Human Ragweed Allergy: Changes in Cellular and Humoral Activity Associated with Specific Desensitization*

1966 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Lichtenstein ◽  
Philip S. Norman ◽  
Walter L. Winkenwerder ◽  
Abraham G. Osler
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Humoral Activity

Thermogenic and adaptive mechanisms in hibernation and arousal from hibernation

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Mokrasch ◽  
H. J. Grady ◽  
S. Grisolia
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Humoral Activity

The process of arousal from hibernation is begun by a temperature rise in the foreparts of the gopher which precedes any rise in oxygen consumption. This is followed by a rapid change of the R.Q. from values near 0.7–1.0 and an acceleration of O2 consumption. The rate of heat production appears to exceed that calculated from the O2 consumption until the arousal process is more than half complete. The probable source of this heat is the store of energy rich compounds in the body. The P/O ratio of liver particles was shown to be identical for the normal and hibernating hamster contrary to what would be predicted from current theory. Perfusion experiments with isolated hearts of rat, normal and hibernating hamster reveals no detectable humoral activity in the blood of hibernating hamster.

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