Effect of supplemental l-threonine on mucin 2 gene expression and intestine mucosal immune and digestive enzymes activities of laying hens in environments with high temperature and humidity

Pre-harvest soybean seeds in the field are susceptible to high temperature and humidity (HTH) stress, leading to pre-harvest seed deterioration, which will result in a reduction in grain quality, yield, and seed vigor. To understand the gene expression involved in seed deterioration response under HTH stress, in this study, we conducted an RNA-Seq analysis using two previously screened soybean cultivars with contrasting seed deterioration resistance. HTH stress induced 1081 and 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the sensitive cultivar Ningzhen No. 1 and resistant cultivar Xiangdou No. 3, respectively. The majority of DEGs in the resistant cultivar were up-regulated, while down-regulated DEGs were predominant in the sensitive cultivar. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were the predominant pathways in both cultivars during seed deterioration under HTH stress. The genes involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and heat shock proteins pathways might contribute to the different response to seed deterioration under HTH treatment in the two soybean cultivars. Our study extends the knowledge of gene expression in soybean seed under HTH stress and further provides insight into the molecular mechanism of seed deterioration as well as new strategies for breeding soybean with improved seed deterioration resistance.

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Effect of excess dietary threonine on laying performance, egg quality, serum free amino acids, and digestive enzymes activities of laying hens during the postpeak period

The Journal of Applied Poultry Research ◽

10.3382/japr.2013-00913 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 605-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M.M.M. Azzam ◽

C. Yuan ◽

G.H. Liu ◽

X.T. Zou

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Serum Free ◽

Enzymes Activities ◽

Laying Performance

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Dietary High Sodium Fluoride Impairs Digestion and Absorption Ability, Mucosal Immunity, and Alters Cecum Microbial Community of Laying Hens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liping Miao ◽

Mingkun Zhu ◽

Huaiyu Li ◽

Qianqian Xu ◽

Xinyang Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Mucosal Immunity ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Control Group ◽

High Sodium ◽

Group 4 ◽

Mucin 2 ◽

Bacterial Structure

(1) Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fluoride (F) on tissue retention, digestive enzymes activities, mucosal immunity, and cecum microbial community of laying hens. (2) Methods: Total of 288 37-week-old Hy-Line Gray laying hens with similar laying rate (85.16% ± 3.87%) were adapted to the basal diets for ten days, and then allocated into three groups at random (n = 9, 6, 6 replicates/group). The concentrations of F in the diets were 31.19 (the control group, CON), 431.38 (F400, low-F group) and 1237.16 mg/kg (F1200, high-F group), respectively. The trial lasted for 59 days. (3) Results: Results suggested that F residuals in duodenum responded to dietary F concentrations positively. The activities of amylase, maltase and lactase were decreased in high-F group, compared with those in the control group. The mRNA expression levels of jejunum and ileum secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and Mucin 2, and sIgA concentrations were decreased inhigh-F group, than those in the control group. The observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of laying hens in high-F group were higher than the CON and low-F groups, and the bacterial structure was different from the other two groups. The Lactobacillus was higher in the control group, while Gammaproteobacteria, Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were higher in the high-F group. (4) Conclusions: The actual results confirmed that dietary high F intake increased the F residuals in duodenum, and reduced the digestion and absorption of nutrients and immunity via decreasing the activities of digestive enzymes, impairing intestine mucosal immunity, and disturbing the cecum microbial homeostasis of laying hens.

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The Discovery of Circadian Rhythm of Feeding Time on Digestive Enzymes Activity and Their Gene Expression in Sinonovacula constricta Within a Light/Dark Cycle

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.744212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yanzi Liu ◽

Hanhan Yao ◽

Tingting Zhou ◽

Zhihua Lin ◽

Yinghui Dong

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Biological Clock ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Sinonovacula Constricta ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Enzymes Activities

The circadian rhythm has a great impact on the growth, metabolism and development of animals, but little is known about the circadian rhythm of marine bivalves. Understanding of the feeding rhythm is of great significance to increase the yield of razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, an economically important bivalve mollusk. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of circadian rhythm of feeding time on digestive enzymes activities and their gene expression in S. constricta within a light (ZT8-ZT20)/dark (ZT20-ZT8) cycle. The present results showed that circadian rhythm of feeding rate (FR) was highly associated with digestive enzyme activities and relative expression of their genes. The highest values of FR were basically observed in the night from ZT0-ZT2 and ZT6-ZT8, which were significantly higher than those values in the daytime from ZT12-ZT14 and ZT18-ZT20 (P < 0.05). The digestive enzymes activities displayed the highest values at ZT2 and ZT8, and the lowest at ZT14 and ZT20. Among them, cellulase and pepsin were found to have significantly different activities (P < 0.05), rather than amylase and lipase. Notably, the relative expression of digestive enzyme genes shared the similar pattern with the activities of digestive enzymes. The highest values of relative gene expression of amylase (AMY), lipase (LIP), cellulase (CEL), and pepsin (PEP) were found at ZT2 and ZT8 in the night, while the lowest values were found at ZT14 during the day. It is therefore suggested that the biological clock may regulate the process from feeding to digestion. Furthermore, it might be better to feed at night to reduce cultivating cost and increase economic benefits in the farming industry of S. constricta.

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