scholarly journals The impact of beak tissue sloughing and beak shape variation on the behavior and welfare of infrared beak-treated layer pullets and hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 4269-4281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Struthers ◽  
H.L. Classen ◽  
S Gomis ◽  
T.G. Crowe ◽  
K Schwean-Lardner
Keyword(s):  
Shape Variation ◽  
Beak Shape ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treated Layer

The assessment of the impact of mask pattern shape variation on the OPC-modeling by using SEM-Contours from wafer and mask

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Hibino ◽  
Yutaka Hojyo ◽  
Hiroyuki Shindo ◽  
Thuy Do ◽  
Aasutosh Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mask Pattern ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Pattern Shape ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of allometry on vomer shape and its implications for the taxonomy and cranial kinesis of crown-group birds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Plateau ◽  
Christian Foth
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Cranial Kinesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shape Data

AbstractCrown birds are subdivided into two main groups, Palaeognathae and Neognathae, that can be distinguished, among others, by the organization of the bones in their pterygoid-palatine complex (PPC). Shape variation to the vomer, which is the most anterior part of the PPC, was recently analysed by Hu et al. (2019) with help of geometric morphometrics to discover morphological differences between palaeognath and neognath birds. Based on this study, the vomer was identified as sufficient to distinguish the two main groups (and even more inclusive neognath groups) and their cranial kinetic system. As there are notable size differences between the skulls of palaeognaths and neognaths, we here investigate the impact of allometry on vomeral shape and its implication for taxonomic classification by re-analysing the data of the previous study. Different types of multivariate statistical analyses reveal that taxonomic identification based on vomeral shape is strongly impaired by allometry, as the error of correct identification is high when shape data is corrected for size. This finding is evident by a great overlap between palaeognath and neognath subclades in morphospace. The correct identification is further influenced by the convergent presence of a flattened vomeral morphotype in multiple neognath subclades. As the evolution of cranial kinesis has been linked to vomeral shape in the original study, the existing correlation between shape and size of the vomer across different bird groups found in the present study questions this conclusion. In fact, cranial kinesis in crown birds results from the loss of the jugal-postorbital bar in the temporal region and ectopterygoid in the PPC and the combination of a mobilized quadrate-zygomatic arch complex and a flexible PPC. Therefore, we can conclude that the vomer itself is not a suitable proxy for exploring the evolution of cranial kinesis in crown birds and their ancestors.

The assessment of the impact of mask pattern shape variation on the OPC-modeling by using SEM-contours from wafer and mask

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Hibino ◽  
Hiroyuki Shindo ◽  
Yutaka Hojyo ◽  
Thuy Do ◽  
Aasutosh Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mask Pattern ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Pattern Shape ◽  
The Impact

Detection and comparison of breast shape variation among different three-dimensional body scan conditions: nude, with a structured bra, and with a soft bra

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4595-4606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Pei ◽  
Jintu Fan ◽  
Susan P Ashdown
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Breast Asymmetry ◽  
Spider Web ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Breast Shape ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the effect of structured bras and soft bras on breast shape, 46 female participants (Caucasian, BMI < 30, aged 18–45) were recruited for three-dimensional (3D) scanning. Participants were scanned in three conditions: wearing a provided structured bra, a provided soft bra, and nude. The impact of the bras on breast asymmetry was quantitatively studied. The change in breast shape and position from the nude condition to the condition when shaped by the bras was also explored. Contour maps that show the topographic shapes of the scans were generated to analyze these comparisons. Thirty-five measurements were extracted from spider web structures that were derived from the contour maps, and were used for statistical analysis. Eight measurements were found to be especially indicative of the shape variations introduced by the bras. Regression models were built to predict the in-bra shape given only the nude breast shape. Lastly, heat maps that visualize the shape variations from the nude-to-bra condition via colors were plotted on the surfaces of the 3D scans of the participants in bras, and were used for qualitative analysis. This study is helpful in understanding how bras interact with breast tissue, and can provide useful information for the improvement of bra designs for enhanced fitting or desired shaping effects.

scholarly journals The effect of beak tissue sloughing and post-treatment beak shape on the productivity of infrared beak-treated layer pullets and hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 3637-3646 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Struthers ◽  
H.L. Classen ◽  
S. Gomis ◽  
K. Schwean-Lardner
Keyword(s):  
Post Treatment ◽  
Beak Shape ◽  
Treated Layer

scholarly journals Scaling and shear transformations capture beak shape variation in Darwin’s finches

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 3356-3360 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Campàs ◽  
R. Mallarino ◽  
A. Herrel ◽  
A. Abzhanov ◽  
M. P. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Shape Variation ◽  
Darwin's Finches ◽  
Beak Shape ◽  
Darwin’S Finches

scholarly journals An analysis of beak shape variation in two ages of domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) using landmark-based geometric morphometrics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0185159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary A. Dalton ◽  
Benjamin J. Wood ◽  
Tina M. Widowski ◽  
Michele T. Guerin ◽  
Stephanie Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Beak Shape

scholarly journals Disentangling biological variability and taphonomy: shape analysis of the limb long bones of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Plateosaurus

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9359
Author(s):  
Rémi Lefebvre ◽  
Ronan Allain ◽  
Alexandra Houssaye ◽  
Raphaël Cornette
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Biological Variability ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
The Impact

Sauropodomorph dinosaurs constitute a well-studied clade of dinosaurs, notably because of the acquisition of gigantism within this group. The genus Plateosaurus is one of the best-known sauropodomorphs, with numerous remains from various localities. Its tumultuous taxonomic history suggests the relevance of addressing its intrageneric shape variability, mixed with taphonomic modifications of the original bone shape. Here we investigate quantitatively the morphological variation of Plateosaurus occurring at the genus level by studying the shape variation of a sample of limb long bones. By means of 3D geometric morphometrics, the analysis of the uncorrelated variation permits separation of the variation estimated as obviously taphonomically influenced from the more biologically plausible variation. Beyond the dominant taphonomic signal, our approach permits interpretation of the most biologically plausible features, even on anatomical parts influenced by taphonomic deformations. Those features are thus found on a quantitative basis from the variation of samples containing fossil specimens, by taking the impact of taphonomy into account, which is paramount in order to avoid making biologically ambiguous interpretations.

scholarly journals Impact of climate and hydrochemistry on shape variation – a case study on Neotropical cytheroidean Ostracoda

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Wrozyna ◽  
Thomas A. Neubauer ◽  
Juliane Meyer ◽  
Maria Ines F. Ramos ◽  
Werner E. Piller
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Valve Morphology ◽  
Temperature Seasonality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. How environmental change affects a species’ phenotype is crucial not only for taxonomy and biodiversity assessments but also for their application as (paleo-)ecological indicators. Previous investigations addressing the impact of climate and hydrochemical regime on ostracod valve morphology have yielded quite contrasting results. Frequently identified ecological factors influencing carapace shape are salinity, cation and sulphate concentrations and alkalinity. Here, we present a thorough approach integrating data from carapace outline and surface details of the ubiquitous Neotropical cytheroidean ostracod species Cytheridella ilosvayi, as well as several climatic and hydrochemical variables, in order to investigate a potential link between morphology and environmental conditions. A previous study lately demonstrated considerable biogeographical variation in valve morphology among Floridian, Mexican and Brazilian populations of this species. We hypothesize that the climatic differences between the regions it inhabits and associated differences in hydrochemical regimes have influenced valve morphology and eventually led to biogeographically distinctive groups. Generalized least-squares Procrustes Analyses based on outline and structural features were applied to left and right valves of adult females and males. The analyses identified relative carapace length and shape symmetry as most important morphological characteristics representing shape change across all datasets. Two-block partial least-squares analyses and multiple regressions indicate strong relationships between morphological and environmental variables, specifically with temperature seasonality, annual precipitation and chloride and sulphate concentrations. We hypothesize that increased temperature seasonality slowed down growth rates during colder months, potentially triggering the development of shortened valves with well-developed brood pouches. Differences in chloride and sulphate concentrations, related to fluctuations in precipitation, are considered to affect valve development via controlling osmoregulation and carapace calcification. These factors represent hitherto unknown drivers for ostracod ecophenotypy and emphasise that environmental predictors for morphological variability are not consistent across non-marine ostracods.

Skull size and shape variation in Psammomys spp. (Rodentia, Gerbillinae) from Tunisia, with emphasis on the impact of allometric variation on species recognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Hanene Khemiri ◽  
Paolo Colangelo ◽  
M’barek Chétoui ◽  
Saïd Nouira
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Skull Size ◽  
The Impact
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