scholarly journals Long-Term Neighborhood Effects on Low-Income Families: Evidence from Moving to Opportunity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Ludwig ◽  
Greg Duncan ◽  
Lisa Gennetian ◽  
Lawrence Katz ◽  
Ronald Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Moving To Opportunity ◽  
Low Income Families

scholarly journals Long-Term Neighborhood Effects on Low-Income Families: Evidence from Moving to Opportunity

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Ludwig ◽  
Greg J Duncan ◽  
Lisa A Gennetian ◽  
Lawrence F Katz ◽  
Ronald C Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Youth Outcomes ◽  
Moving To Opportunity ◽  
Low Income Families

We examine long-term neighborhood effects on low-income families using data from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized housing-mobility experiment. This experiment offered to some public-housing families but not to others the chance to move to less-disadvantaged neighborhoods. We show that ten to 15 years after baseline, MTO: (i) improves adult physical and mental health; (ii) has no detectable effect on economic outcomes or youth schooling or physical health; and (iii) has mixed results by gender on other youth outcomes, with girls doing better on some measures and boys doing worse. Despite the somewhat mixed pattern of impacts on traditional behavioral outcomes, MTO moves substantially improve adult subjective well-being.

scholarly journals Impact of Medical Debt on the Financial Welfare of Middle- and Low-Income Families across China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajing Li ◽  
Chen Jiao ◽  
Stephen Nicholas ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Gong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Medical Debt ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Medical debt is a persistent global issue and a crucial and effective indicator of long-term family medical financial burden. This paper fills a research gap on the incidence and causes of medical debt in Chinese low- and middle-income households. Method: Data were obtained from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey, with medical debt measured as borrowings from families, friends and third parties. Tobit regression models were used to analyze the data. The concentration index was employed to measure the extent of socioeconomic inequality in medical debt incidence. Results: We found that 2.42% of middle-income families had medical debt, averaging US$6278.25, or 0.56 times average household yearly income and 3.92% of low-income families had medical debts averaging US$5419.88, which was equivalent to 2.49 times average household yearly income. The concentration index for low and middle-income families’ medical debt was significantly pro-poor. Medical debt impoverished about 10% of all non-poverty households and pushed poverty households deeper into poverty. While catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) was the single most important factor in medical debt, age, education, and health status of householder, hospitalization and types of medical insurance were also significant factors determining medical debt. Conclusions: Using a narrow definition of medical debt, the incidence of medical debt in Chinese low- and middle-income households was relatively low. But, once medical debt happened, it imposed a long-term financial burden on medical indebted families, tipping many low and middle-income households into poverty and imposing on households several years of debt repayments. Further studies need to use broader definitions of medical debt to better assess the long-term financial impact of medical debt on Chinese families. Policy makers need to modify China’s basic medical insurance schemes to manage out-of-pocket, medical debt and CHE and to take account of pre-existing medical debt.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN RUSSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сулейманова ◽  
Lyudmila Suleymanova ◽  
Глаголев ◽  
Evgeniy Glagolev ◽  
Марушко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Housing Problem ◽  
Low Income Families

Social and economic reforms, occurring in Russian Federation, radically changed approaches to solving the housing problem, economic and organizational basis for housing and communal services. Long-term work on the formation of legal and economic conditions of transition to market methods of regulation and also the realization of targeted programs gave certain results housing construction: increase the volume of living spaces, improvement of living conditions of citizens, affordability of housing for low-income families.

The characteristics of mothers and stunted children in Kricak, Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maulita Listian Eka Pratiwi ◽  
Chandra Retno Fianti
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Low Rate

Stunting on children is pressing matters since it could prevent and, up to a point, impair the physical and mental development of children, the growth of the brain, intelligence, and metabolism. Furthermore, in the long term it is worried that it could lead to the decrease of the cognitive ability and learning achievement, as well as the immunity so that the children will be prone to high-risk degenerative illness, old age disability, uncompetitive work competence, and low rate of productivity in economy (Kementrian Kesehatan, 2016). The aim of the research is to comprehend the character of stunted mothers and children (24-59 months) in Kricak village. The research applies analytic-descriptive model as the research design and cross-sectional study as the approach. The population in the research is 76 mothers in Kricak village having stunted children aged between 24 and 59 months. The instruments of the research are checklists and KIA books. Based on the research, the number of stunted children aged from 24 to 59 months were 76 children consisting of 69 stunted children (90,8%) and 7 severely stunted children (9,8%) and, mostly, it was suffered by the children coming from low-income families, namely 44 families (54,3%).

scholarly journals Neighborhood Effects on the Long-Term Well-Being of Low-Income Adults

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 337 (6101) ◽  
pp. 1505-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ludwig ◽  
G. J. Duncan ◽  
L. A. Gennetian ◽  
L. F. Katz ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Well Being

“We Don't Live Outside, We Live in Here”: Neighborhood and Residential Mobility Decisions among Low–Income Families

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rosenblatt ◽  
Stefanie DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Moving To Opportunity ◽  
Life Course Development ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Life Course

Over 20 years of scholarship suggests that living in America's poorest and most dangerous communities diminishes the life course development of children and adults. In the 1990s, the dire conditions of some of these neighborhoods, especially those with large public housing developments, prompted significant policy responses. In addition to the demolition and redevelopment of some of the projects, the federal government launched an experiment to help families leave poor neighborhoods through an assisted housing voucher program called Moving to Opportunity (MTO). While families who moved through this program initially relocated to census tracts with poverty rates almost four times lower than their original projects, many returned to communities of moderate to high poverty. Why? We use mixed methods to explore the patterns and the decision–making processes behind moves among MTO families. Focusing on the Baltimore MTO site, we find that traditional theories for residential choice did not fully explain these outcomes. While limited access to public transportation, housing quality problems, and landlords made it hard for families to move to, or stay in, low–poverty neighborhoods, there were also more striking explanations for their residential trajectories. Many families valued the low–poverty neighborhoods they were originally able to access with their vouchers, but when faced with the need to move again, they often sacrificed neighborhood quality for dwelling quality in order to accommodate changing family needs. Having lived in high–poverty neighborhoods most of their lives, they developed a number of coping strategies and beliefs that made them confident they could handle such a consequential trade–off and protect themselves and their children from the dangers of poorer areas.

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