The housing problem in light of the Syrian crisis and its repercussions on family stability - A field study of the city of Jaramana in the Damascus countryside governorate -: مشكلة السكن في ظل الأزمة السورية وانعكاساتها على الاستقرار الأسري – دراسة ميدانية لمدينة جرمانا في محافظة ريف دمشق –

The study aimed to describe the reality of the housing problem that displaced families suffer from in the city of Jaramana in light of the Syrian crisis and to identify the economic and social repercussions of the housing problem on stability among the responses of the sample families about the implications of the housing problem on family stability according to a number of variables (education level of the Lord The family, the work of the head of the family, and the income of the family), and the study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, and a questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect information, and it was applied to a sample of the displaced families within the city of Jaramana in the Damascus countryside governorate, and the sample consisted of sixty displaced families. The study found several conclusions, including: the largest percentage of economic repercussions were the difficulty in obtaining housing, followed by the percentage of inability to secure family requirements and the inability to pay the monthly rent, and with regard to the social repercussions, the largest percentages were for the lower educational level of children and the lack of privacy in the relationship between spouses, Regarding to the conclusion the study it is recommended several recommendations, including: Building temporary housing units equipped with all the supplies and needs to be distributed to the displaced families to meet the urgent increases of the displaced and reduce the severity of housing rents.

Geospatial analysis of salmonellosis and its association with socioeconomic status in Texas

ObjectiveThe study’s objective was to find the association between salmonellosis and socioeconomic status (SES) in hot spot areas and statewide counties.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingThe data were recorded regarding salmonellosis in 2017 from the Texas surveillance database. It included assessment of hot spot analysis and SES association with salmonellosis at the county level.ParticipantsPatients with salmonellosis of all age groups in Texas.ResultsThere were a total of 5113 salmonellosis from 254 counties with an unadjusted crude rate of 18 per 100 000 person-years. Seven SES risk factors in the hot spot counties were as follows: low values of the severe housing problem, unemployment, African American and high values of social association rate, fast food/full-service restaurant use, Hispanic and Hispanic senior low access-to-store (p<0.05). A 12% difference existed between local health departments in hot (25%) and cold spot (37%) counties (χ2 (1, n=108)=0.5, p=0.81).Statewide independent risk factors were severe housing problem (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.1; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.14), social association rate (IRR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.92), college education (IRR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.07) and non-Hispanic senior local access-to-store (IRR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.11). The severe housing problem predicted zero occurrences of infection in a county (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.95).ConclusionsDisparity exists in salmonellosis and SES. Attention to unmet needs will decrease salmonellosis. Severe housing problem is a notable risk.

THE CONTENT AND SOCIAL NECESSITY OF POSTPENITENTIARY RESOCIALIZATION

The article deals with issues related to the post-penitentiary resocialization of persons released from penal institutions, analyzes the concept of post-penitentiary resocialization, its legal basis, content and social necessity. They also analyzed the shortcomings in the relevant structures and areas of their activities that deal with issues related to the re-socialization of former convicts, the main problems faced by persons deprived of their liberty after serving their sentences in accordance with the procedure established by law, and presented some proposals for eliminating these problems and improving the post-penitentiary system.Keywords: penitentiary institution, person serving a sentence, re-socialization, penitentiary system, post-penitentiary system, crime prevention, housing problem, employment problem

A mechanism for forming an affordable housing market: russian and international characteristics

Today, the formation of the affordable housing market is one of the priorities of Russia’s socioeconomic policy. Its significance is due to the severity of the housing problem, deformations of the forming housing market, which are speculative in modern conditions with a constant rise in housing prices, and further limiting of its availability for the majority of the Russian population. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the high social significance of housing as a commodity, the presence of significant socioeconomic contradictions in the housing sector as well as the need to find ways to attract significant investment in the housing sector. Currently, about 83% of the housing stock is privately owned, about 13% is in social rent, and 4% in commercial rent. This structure is not effective enough, as it reduces the business and life activity of a large part of the population.

BIM Dimensions and Application Areas for Enhancing Sustainability and Affordability of Affordable Housing: As a Key for Effective Housing Policies

Affordable housing plays a key role in well-being and sustainable development. The energy efficiency and sustainability performance of these houses support environmental sustainability and reduce their operational cost and energy consumption. Furthermore, enhanced energy efficiency is a significant factor in affordable houses in the fight against fuel poverty. This paper underlines the importance of sustainable affordable houses for reduced life cycle costs and enhanced welfare and well-being of its residents. Based on an in-depth literature review, considering the entire life cycle of affordable houses, this paper aims to investigate usage of all BIM dimensions and their application areas for enhancing sustainability and affordability of affordable housing as a key for effective housing policies. The integrated usage of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and energy simulation software has the potential to add value to the affordable houses as this integration supports energy savings and enhanced sustainability performance throughout the building's life-cycle. This paper highlights BIM’s usage for energy and facility management. Furthermore, this paper emphasises the importance of the policies for effective solutions to the housing problem and recommends holistic policies based on a systematic and interdisciplinary approach to the housing problem. This paper highlights the political economy of affordable housing policies and suggests affordable housing policies request usage of BIM throughout the entire life cycle of affordable houses.