scholarly journals The Marginal Cost of Mortality Risk Reduction: Evidence from Housing Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Bishop ◽  
Nicolai Kuminoff ◽  
Sophie Mathes ◽  
Alvin Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Housing Markets

The Marginal Cost of Mortality Risk Reduction: Evidence from Housing Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Bishop ◽  
Nicolai Kuminoff ◽  
Sophie Mathes ◽  
Alvin Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Housing Markets

Mortality risk reduction in patients receiving antiresorptive treatment after a hip fracture

Bone ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
M. Diehl ◽  
A. Beratarrechea ◽  
N. Pace ◽  
J. Saimovici ◽  
A. Trossero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Mortality Risk

scholarly journals CRT-100.02 The Role of Pulmonary Artery Catheter Usage in Cardiogenic Shock Mortality Risk Reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. S1
Author(s):  
Katherine Thayer ◽  
Arthur Reshad Garan ◽  
Jaime Hernandez-Montfort ◽  
Claudius Mahr ◽  
Daniel Burkhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Catheter ◽  
Mortality Risk

Which treatment options impact outcomes in elderly chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with high prevalence of comorbidity?

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7016-7016
Author(s):  
Sacha Satram-Hoang ◽  
Carolina M. Reyes ◽  
Khang Hoang ◽  
Fayez Momin ◽  
Sridhar Guduru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Medicare Part ◽  
Time Period ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Mortality

7016 Background: Therapy selection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients is based on disease severity as well as patient characteristics such as age and comorbidity. While treatment outcomes are mostly available from clinical trial data in younger patients, less is known about the effect of comorbidities on outcomes in elderly CLL patients in the real-world setting. Methods: The linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database was utilized in this retrospective cohort analysis of 3,366 first primary CLL patients. Patients were diagnosed between 1/1/1998-12/31/2007, were >66 years, continuously enrolled in Medicare Part A and B with no HMO coverage in the year prior to diagnosis and received first-line treatment with any oral or infused therapy. CLB is covered by Medicare Part D and data for its use were only available from 2007-2009 in the dataset. Cox regression with backward elimination and propensity score weighted Cox regression estimated the relative risk of death. Date of last follow-up was 12/31/2009. Results: There were 153 CLB, 606 R-mono, 702 R+IV Chemo, and 1,905 IV Chemo-only patients. CLB and R-mono patients were older at diagnosis with mean age of 77 compared to R+IV Chemo (73 years) and IV Chemo-only (76 years; p<.0001). Patients administered R-mono had a higher comorbidity burden and more advanced disease compared with other treatment groups. In the survival analysis we compared CLB to R-mono during the time period 2007-2009 and R+IV Chemo to IV Chemo-only during the time period 1998-2009. The adjusted multivariate survival analysis revealed a significant mortality risk reduction with R+IV Chemo compared with IV Chemo-only patients (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62-0.84) while a non-significant mortality risk reduction was noted with R-mono compared to CLB patients (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.21-1.05). Older age and increasing comorbidity score were significantly associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: These findings suggest that chemo-immunotherapy is more effective than chemotherapy in an elderly population with a high prevalence of comorbidity. This extends the conclusions from clinical trials in younger, medically fit patients.

scholarly journals Importance of Neighborhood Aspect Ratio and Storm Climate to Adaptation Efforts to Reduce Coastal Flood Mortality

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanglin Zhang ◽  
Philip M. Orton
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Flood Risk Reduction

Low-lying Coastal Landfill Neighborhoods (CLaNs) often have a large aspect ratio, defined here as the coastline length divided by neighborhood width, due to the common practice of reclaiming fringing wetlands along tidal waterways. Flood risk reduction for CLaNs frequently involves elevated barriers, in the form of berms, seawalls, or levees, which reduce risk but cannot completely eliminate residual risk (e.g., due to overtopping during extreme events). Managed retreat is an alternative approach for flood risk reduction, the general idea of which is to strategically ban development in hazard zones, relocate structures, and/or abandon land. This study aims at exploring the tradeoffs between elevated barriers and managed retreat in terms of both CLaN aspect ratio and storm climate, for both short-term and long-term risk reduction with sea-level rise. Hydrodynamic flood modeling of an idealized CLaN protected by different adaptation plans is used to simulate flood conditions and mortality for a range of storm surge amplitudes for both the present-day and under different sea-level rise scenarios. Results show that for a berm and a case of managed retreat of an equal cost, retreat becomes more beneficial than the berm in terms of mortality risk reduction for neighborhoods with a larger aspect ratio. The study also shows that berms are generally less effective for reducing mortality in regions with less common but higher intensity storms. This study reveals the potential of idealized modeling to provide fundamental insights on the physical factors influencing the efficacy of different adaptation strategies for mortality risk reduction.

Individual preferences on the balancing of good and harm of cardiovascular disease screening

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Birgitte Hansen ◽  
Jes Sanddal Lindholt ◽  
Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen ◽  
Michiel C J Bliemer ◽  
Jess Lambrechtsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Disease Screening ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Individual Preferences

ObjectiveTransition towards value-based healthcare requires insight into what makes value to the individual. The aim was to elicit individual preferences for cardiovascular disease screening with respect to the difficult balancing of good and harm as well as mode of delivery.MethodsA discrete choice experiment was conducted as a cross-sectional survey among 1231 male screening participants at three Danish hospitals between June and December 2017. Participants chose between hypothetical screening programmes characterised by varying levels of mortality risk reduction, avoidance of overtreatment, avoidance of regretting participation, screening duration and location. A multinomial mixed logit model was used to model the preferences and the willingness to trade mortality risk reduction for improvements on other characteristics.ResultsRespondents expressed preferences for improvements on all programme characteristics. They were willing to give up 0.09 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.09) lives saved per 1000 screened to avoid one individual being over treated. Similarly, respondents were willing to give up 1.22 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.55) or 5.21 (95% CI 4.78 to 5.67) lives saved per 1000 screened to upgrade the location from general practice to a hospital or to a high-tech hospital, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed important preference heterogeneity with respect to smoking status, level of health literacy and self-perceived risk of cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsIndividuals are able to express clear preferences about what makes value to them. Not only health benefit but also time with health professionals and access to specialised facilities were important. This information could guide the optimal programme design in search of value-based healthcare.

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