scholarly journals Studying the neuronal mechanisms underlying bistable perception: the role of adaptation, persistence, and inhibition on perceptual decision

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Sousa ◽  
Alexandre Sayal ◽  
João Duarte ◽  
Gabriel Costa ◽  
Ricardo Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Bistable Perception ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms

The Oxford Handbook of the Auditory Brainstem

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Current State ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Maladaptive Plasticity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Auditory Field

The Oxford Handbook of the Auditory Brainstem provides an in-depth reference to the organization and function of ascending and descending auditory pathways in the mammalian brainstem. Individual chapters are organized along the auditory pathway, beginning with the cochlea and ending with the auditory midbrain. Each chapter provides an introduction to the respective area and summarizes our current knowledge before discussing the disputes and challenges that the field currently faces.The handbook emphasizes the numerous forms of plasticity that are increasingly observed in many areas of the auditory brainstem. Several chapters focus on neuronal modulation of function and plasticity on the synaptic, neuronal, and circuit level, especially during development, aging, and following peripheral hearing loss. In addition, the book addresses the role of trauma-induced maladaptive plasticity with respect to its contribution in generating central hearing dysfunction, such as hyperacusis and tinnitus.The book is intended for students and postdoctoral fellows starting in the auditory field and for researchers of related fields who wish to get an authoritative and up-to-date summary of the current state of auditory brainstem research. For clinical practitioners in audiology, otolaryngology, and neurology, the book is a valuable resource of information about the neuronal mechanisms that are currently discussed as major candidates for the generation of central hearing dysfunction.

scholarly journals P2-16: Dual-Bound Model and the Role of Time Bound in Perceptual Decision Making

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/if676 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-676
Author(s):  
Daeseob Lim ◽  
Hansem Sohn ◽  
Sang-Hun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Dual Bound

scholarly journals Slow rhythmic eye motion predicts periodic alternation of bistable perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woochul Choi ◽  
Hyeonsu Lee ◽  
Se-Bum Paik
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Bistable Perception ◽  
Eye Motion ◽  
Perceptual Alternation ◽  
Gaze Position

AbstractBistable perception is characterized by periodic alternation between two different perceptual interpretations, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Herein, we show that perceptual decisions in bistable perception are strongly correlated with slow rhythmic eye motion, the frequency of which varies across individuals. From eye gaze trajectory measurements during three types of bistable tasks, we found that each subject’s gaze position oscillates slowly(less than 1Hz), and that this frequency matches that of bistable perceptual alternation. Notably, the motion of the eye apparently moves in opposite directions before two opposite perceptual decisions, and this enables the prediction of the timing and direction of perceptual alternation from eye motion. We also found that the correlation between eye movement and a perceptual decision is maintained during variations of the alternation frequency by the intentional switching or retaining of perceived states. This result suggests that periodic bistable perception is phase-locked with rhythmic eye motion.

scholarly journals Towards a unified model for positive states, mindfulness and wellbeing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship

<p>A unified model of positive emotional expression, based on existing research, is presented. The proposed model is broader in scope, than a purely cognitive model (see Fig. 1); incorporating pro-social states can be induced directly through adaptive perceptual processes such as mirror-neuronal mechanisms, but whereby state expressions are modulated by adaptive <i>fundamental cognitive evaluations</i> (FCEs). It is proposed that these FCEs work in cohort to elicit emotional experience and prime the expressional potentiality of related affective states that share FCE dimensions. So that an individual experiencing kindness would be more likely to be disposed to feeling compassion or muditā (vicarious joy) - enabling appropriate onward social interaction.</p> <p>It is proposed that the activation of FCEs are modulated by socio-cultural schema, including attitudinal scripts shared within a culture and reflected in heterogeneous trait patterns by cultural/geographical area. The role of mindful decentring from such schema, and the onward effect on FCE expression, is explored; specifically, in relation to states associated with Self-Determination Theory’s (SDT) motivational areas of competency, autonomy and relatedness. </p> <p>A speculative model exploring the relationship between SDT, positive states; key aspect of mindfulness and HEXACO traits is presented as a spur for future discussion and study (see Fig. 2).</p>

scholarly journals Simulations of neuromuscular control in lamprey swimming

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1385) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Örjan Ekeberg ◽  
Sten Grillner
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Interconnected Model ◽  
Vestibular Organs ◽  
Different Levels

The neuronal generation of vertebrate locomotion has been extensively studied in the lamprey. Models at different levels of abstraction are being used to describe this system, from abstract nonlinear oscillators to interconnected model neurons comprising multiple compartments and a Hodgkin–Huxley representation of the most relevant ion channels. To study the role of sensory feedback by simulation, it eventually also becomes necessary to incorporate the mechanical movements in the models. By using simplifying models of muscle activation, body mechanics, counteracting water forces, and sensory feedback through stretch receptors and vestibular organs, we have been able to close the feedback loop to enable studies of the interaction between the neuronal and the mechanical systems. The neuromechanical simulations reveal that the currently known network is sufficient for generating a whole repertoire of swimming patterns. Swimming at different speeds and with different wavelengths, together with the performance of lateral turns can all be achieved by simply varying the brainstem input. The neuronal mechanisms behind pitch and roll manoeuvres are less clear. We have put forward a ‘crossed–oscillators’ hypothesis where partly separate dorsal and ventral circuits are postulated. Neuromechanical simulations of this system show that it is also capable of generating realistic pitch turns and rolls, and that vestibular signals can stabilize the posture during swimming.

Role of HIF-1 in Neuronal Mechanisms of Adaptation to Psychoemotional and Hypoxic Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Rybnikova ◽  
Ksenia A. Baranova ◽  
Tatjana S. Gluschenko ◽  
Oleg Vetrovoy ◽  
Maria Sidorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation

scholarly journals Hallucinations and perceptual inference

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Friston
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Bayesian Models ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Models ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Cholinergic Systems ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Constructive Models

This commentary takes a closer look at how “constructive models of subjective perception,” referred to by Collerton et al. (sect. 2), might contribute to the Perception and Attention Deficit (PAD) model. It focuses on the neuronal mechanisms that could mediate hallucinations, or false inference – in particular, the role of cholinergic systems in encoding uncertainty in the context of hierarchical Bayesian models of perceptual inference (Friston 2002b; Yu & Dayan 2002).

Rhythmic Gamma Stimulation Affects Bistable Perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1298-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuranny Cabral-Calderin ◽  
Carsten Schmidt-Samoa ◽  
Melanie Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Physical Stimulus ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Posterior Cortex ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Bistable Perception ◽  
Motion Stimulus ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Human Participants

When our brain is confronted with ambiguous visual stimuli, perception spontaneously alternates between different possible interpretations although the physical stimulus remains the same. Both alpha (8–12 Hz) and gamma (>30 Hz) oscillations have been reported to correlate with such spontaneous perceptual reversals. However, whether these oscillations play a causal role in triggering perceptual switches remains unknown. To address this question, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the posterior cortex of healthy human participants to boost alpha and gamma oscillations. At the same time, participants were reporting their percepts of an ambiguous structure-from-motion stimulus. We found that tACS in the gamma band (60 Hz) increased the number of spontaneous perceptual reversals, whereas no significant effect was found for tACS in alpha (10 Hz) and higher gamma (80 Hz) frequencies. Our results suggest a mechanistic role of gamma but not alpha oscillations in the resolution of perceptual ambiguity.

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