scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change on Weeds and Invasive Alien Plants in Sri Lankan Agro-Ecosystems: Policy and Management Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi Marambe ◽  
Siril Wijesundara
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants

Changes in the climate have worsen the problems caused by weeds and invasive alien plants (IAPs) in agro-ecosystems at global scale resulting from their changes in the range and population densities. Over the past six decades, Sri Lanka has experienced a slow but steady increase in annual environmental temperature by 0.01–0.03°C. Increasing extreme events of rainfall, wetter wet seasons, and drier dry seasons are some of the characteristic features of the changes in the climate observed in Sri Lanka over the years. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) in Sri Lanka has established a National Invasive Species Specialist Group (NISSG) in 2012 and adopted the National Policy on Invasive Alien Species (IAS) in Sri Lanka, Strategies and Action Plan in 2016. Further, the MOE has developed and adopted protocols to assess the risk of IAS at pre- and post-entry level to the country while incorporating climate change concerns. Periodic risk assessments have being carried out to prioritize actions against IAS in Sri Lanka. The Ministry of Agriculture as adopted a National Weed Strategy (NWS) and has identified the Weeds of National Significance (WONS) under different priority crops. A study done in 2014 has clearly shown that weed control costs in agricultural lands in several district of Sri Lanka were nearly doubled during the years that experienced El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Further, studies have clearly indicated that IAPs also survive, expand and impact the continuously disturbed environments in agro-ecosystems. Panicum trichocladum, a species listed as a potential invasive based on the risk assessment done in 2016, has shown an increase in its population density and distribution in Sri Lanka during the last 2–3 years. However, weeds and IAPs in agro-ecosystems have drawn less attention of policy makers, scientists, and practitioners in relation to impact of climate change in island ecosystems. This paper focuses on the scientific evidence reported in agro-ecosystems in Sri Lanka on climate-related impacts on agriculturally important weeds and IAPs, and the efforts made to manage their introduction and spread across the country.

scholarly journals A atuação do poder judiciário brasileiro nos biomas Amazônia e Cerrado visando combater o aquecimento global

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Andreola Serraglio ◽  
Heline Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Rullyan Levi Maganhati Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Environmental Balance ◽  
And Control

Resumo: Considerando a entrada em vigor da Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima no ano de 2009, pretende-se analisar como o Poder Judiciário brasileiro tem se posicionado, desde então, diante das inexpressivas metas adotadas pelo Brasil com o intuito de reduzir as suas emissões de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera, salvaguardando, por conseguinte, o equilíbrio ambiental dos biomas Amazônia e Cerrado. Seguindo o método de procedimento dedutivo, ambiciona-se atingir os seguintes objetivos específicos: inicialmente, examinar os principais aspectos de ambos os biomas, salientando não apenas suas particularidades, mas também os impactos ambientais que intensificam os efeitos do aquecimento global; posteriormente, tratar da Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima, com especial enfoque nos resultados até então alcançados pelo Plano de Ação para a Prevenção e Controle de Desmatamento na Amazônia Legal (PPCDAm) e pelo Plano de Ação para Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento e das Queimadas no Cerrado (PPCerrado); e, por fim, uma vez demonstrado que as metas estabelecidas independem de esforços genuínos por parte do Brasil, verificar a apreciação judicial do tema. Almeja-se, portanto, evidenciar a sensibilidade do Poder Judiciário brasileiro à causa ambiental, intervindo com vistas à manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico face às mudanças climáticas. Abstract: With the National Policy on Climate Change taking effect in 2009, this article aims to assess how the Brazilian Judiciary has positioned itself since that time, when faced with the unimpressive goals adopted by Brazil to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and safeguarding the environmental balance of the Amazon and Cerrado biomes as a result. The deductive approach methodology was followed with the intention of achieving the following specific objectives: first, to examine the main aspects of both biomes, highlighting not only their peculiarities, but also the environmental impact, intensifying the effects of global warming; thereafter, to address the National Policy on Climate Change, with special focus on the results obtained thus far by the Action Plan for Deforestation Prevention and Control in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) and the Action Plan for Deforestation and Fire Prevention and Control in the Cerrado (PPCerrado); and, finally, having demonstrated that the goals adopted are not based on genuine efforts by Brazil, to evaluate the judicial handling of the subject. It thus aims to demonstrate the sensitivity of the Brazilian Judiciary to the environmental cause when faced with climate change in intervening with a view to maintaining the ecological balance.

Potential impact of climate change on the distribution of six invasive alien plants in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Babu Shrestha ◽  
Krishna Prasad Sharma ◽  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Mohan Siwakoti ◽  
Bharat Babu Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact

Feral camels: a nationally significant pest animal requiring a national management approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Woolnough ◽  
Glenn Edwards ◽  
Quentin Hart
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Management Project ◽  
High Level

Managing established pest animals is difficult. The complexity increases significantly when the pest animal is found across the remote arid interior of a continent (Australia), the impacts (both positive and negative) are unclear, and there is a diverse array of affected stakeholders. This paper describes how the generation of primary scientific evidence was critical for the development of a national policy approach (the National Feral Camel Action Plan). The combination of evidence and policy led to the development and implementation of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project. This project offered the opportunity to implement a wide range of management interventions across the affected jurisdictions. The strengths of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project included having high-level support, participation by all affected stakeholders in partnerships, strong governance and a clear project management approach, underpinned by clear policy and scientific evidence. We believe that the evidence-based policy approach used in this project can be used as a template for the management of other established pest animals that are considered to be in need of requiring national coordination.

scholarly journals Climate Change Risk Assessment for Kurunegala, Sri Lanka: Water and Heat Waves

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Hanna Cho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Economic Revitalization ◽  
Education And Awareness

Sri Lanka is experiencing various social and environmental challenges, including drought, storms, floods, and landslides, due to climate change. One of Sri Lanka’s biggest cities, Kurunegala, is a densely populated city that is gradually turning into an economic revitalization area. This fast-growing city needs to establish an integrated urban plan that takes into account the risks of climate change. Thus, a climate change risk assessment was conducted for both the water and heat wave risks via discussions with key stakeholders. The risk assessment was conducted as a survey based on expert assessment of local conditions, with awareness surveys taken by residents, especially women. The assessment determined that the lack of drinking water was the biggest issue, a problem that has become more serious due to recent droughts caused by climate change and insufficient water management. In addition, the outbreak of diseases caused by heat waves was identified as a serious concern. Risk assessment is integral to developing an action plan for minimizing the damage from climate change. It is necessary to support education and awareness in developing countries so that they can perform risk assessment well and develop both problem-solving and policy-making abilities to adapt to a changing climate.

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