scholarly journals Design and Evaluation of the Initial 50th Percentile Female Prototype Rear Impact Dummy, BioRID P50F – Indications for the Need of an Additional Dummy Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Carlsson ◽  
Johan Davidsson ◽  
Astrid Linder ◽  
Mats Y. Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Head Neck

The objective of this study was to present the design of a prototype rear impact crash test dummy, representing a 50th percentile female, and compare its performance to volunteer response data. The intention was to develop a first crude prototype as a first step toward a future biofidelic 50th percentile female rear impact dummy. The current rear impact crash test dummy, BioRID II, represents a 50th percentile male, which may limit the assessment and development of whiplash protection systems with regard to female occupants. Introduction of this new dummy size will facilitate evaluation of seat and head restraint (HR) responses in both the average sized female and male in rear impacts. A 50th percentile female rear impact prototype dummy, the BioRID P50F, was developed from modified body segments originating from the BioRID II. The mass and rough dimensions of the BioRID P50F is representative of a 50th percentile female. The prototype dummy was evaluated against low severity rear impact sled tests comprising six female volunteers closely resembling a 50th percentile female with regard to stature and mass. The head/neck response of the BioRID P50F prototype resembled the female volunteer response corridors. The stiffness of the thoracic and lumbar spinal joints remained the same as the average sized male BioRID II, and therefore likely stiffer than joints of an average female. Consequently, the peak rearward angular displacement of the head and T1, and the rearward displacement of the T1, were lesser for the BioRID P50F in comparison to the female volunteers. The biofidelity of the BioRID P50F prototype thus has some limitations. Based on a seat response comparison between the BioRID P50F and the BioRID II, it can be concluded that the male BioRID II is an insufficient representation of the average female in the assessment of the dynamic seat response and effectiveness of whiplash protection systems.

Head–neck finite element model of the crash test dummy THOR

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yu ◽  
M B Medri ◽  
Q Zhou ◽  
F P DiMasi ◽  
F A Bandak
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Head Neck

scholarly journals The influence of seat-back and head-restraint properties on the head-neck motion during rear-impact

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Y. Svensson ◽  
Per Lövsund ◽  
Yngve Håland ◽  
Stefan Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Head Restraint ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Head Neck

Rear Seated Child Injury Risk Experimental Measures Related to Vehicle Front Seat Performance in Rear Impacts

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Saczalski ◽  
Mark C. Pozzi ◽  
Joseph Lawson Burton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
Child Injury ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Rear Impacts

Recent field accident statistical studies dealing with injury risk assessment of rear seated children in rear impacts indicated a doubling of AIS 2+ injuries when front seats deformed, and a 61 percent increase in fatal injury for rear-seated children, as compared to front-seated children, in rear impacts. Several interrelated factors, which influence child injury risk in rear impacts, were not evaluated in these field accident statistical studies. These factors include: rear-impact severity levels; front occupant sizes; front seat strength variations and protection levels; vehicle type; (i.e. minivan, sedan, etc.); rear child sizes; and, rear child restraint types. This current study uses an experimental “multi-variable” crash test approach, and “inferred statistical” methodology, to scientifically evaluate the several key factors that effect rear child injury risk in rear impacts. This “multi-variable” methodology was previously utilized by the authors for study of front-seated adult injury risk assessment. Various sizes of rear child surrogates (i.e. 6 month-old up to the 6 year-old Hybrid III size), located behind different sizes of front adult surrogates (i.e. small 50kg female up to larger male surrogates ballasted to 110kg) seated in different strength front seats, were dynamically tested at rear-impact severity speed change levels ranging from about 20 to 50 kph. Both sled-body-buck and full vehicle crash tests were used in this study. Front seat strength levels ranged from the weaker 3.2kN level for single recliner (SR) seats, without belts attached to the seatback, up to the stronger belt-integrated seat (BIS) levels of about 14.7kN. The study results demonstrate that, even absent rear crush intrusion, the easily deforming SR front seats pose a high risk of injury to the rear child, regardless of vehicle type, in contrast to stronger and safer BIS designs.

The relationship of seat backrest angle and neck injury in low-velocity rear impacts

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (11) ◽  
pp. 1293-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Latchford ◽  
E C Chirwa ◽  
T Chen ◽  
M Mao
Keyword(s):  
Close Correlation ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Test Specifications ◽  
Lower Neck ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Car-rear-impact-induced cervical spine injuries present a serious burden on society and, in response, seats offering enhanced protection have been introduced. Seats are evaluated for neck protection performance but only at one specific backrest angle, whereas in the real world this varies greatly owing to the variation in occupant physique. Changing the backrest angle modifies the seat geometry and thereby the nature of its interaction with the occupant. Low-velocity rear-impact tests on a BioRID II anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) have shown that changes in backrest angle have a significant proportionate effect on dummy kinematics. A close correlation was found between changes in backrest angle and the responses of neck injury predictors such as lower neck loading and lower neck shear but not for the neck injury criterion NICmax. Torso ramping was evident, however, with negligible effect in low-velocity impacts. The backrest angle ranged from 20° to 30° whereas the BioRID II spine was adapted to a range from 20° to 26.5°. Nevertheless, in general, instrumentation outputs correlated well, indicating that this ATD could be used for evaluating seats over a 20–30° range rather than solely at 25° as required by current approval test specifications.

Effect of Seat Back Restriction on Head, Neck and Torso Responses of Front Seat Occupants When Subjected to a Moderate Speed Rear-Impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshit Ramachandra ◽  
Vikram Pradhan ◽  
Yun Seok Kang ◽  
Russell Davidson ◽  
Mladen Humer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Front Seat ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Head Neck

scholarly journals On estimation of occupant safety in vehicular crashes into roadside obstacles using non-linear dynamic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 00022
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wilde ◽  
Arkadiusz Tilsen ◽  
Stanisław Burzyński ◽  
Wojciech Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Passive Safety System ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Safety Estimation ◽  
Vehicular Crashes

The article describes a comparison of two general methods of occupants safety estimation based on a numerical examples. The so-called direct method is mainly based on the HIC (Head Injury Criterion) of a crash test dummy in a vehicle with passive safety system while the indirect method uses a European standard approach to estimate impact severity level.

Effect of Head Restraint Position and Neck Injury Criteria in Rear Impact

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John DeRosia ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Acceleration Pulse ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Impact Acceleration

The objective of this study was to determine the forces and bending moments at the top of the Hybrid III dummy neck secondary to rear impact acceleration and evaluate the various proposed injury criteria. Rear impact sled tests were conducted by applying the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards FMVSS 202 acceleration pulse. Differing positions of the head restraint in terms of height (750 and 800 mm) and backset (zero, 50, and 100 mm) were used to determine the axial and shear forces, bending moments, and injury criteria (NIC, Nij, and Nkm). The time sequence of attainment of these parameters was determined along with peak values.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document