Recycling Apparent Waste Into Biologicals: The Case of Umbilical Cord Blood in Italy and Spain

Most public cord blood banking programs are currently facing financial difficulties due to a progressive decline in the number of cord blood transplants performed worldwide and to a high discard rate of the donated units caused by progressively increasing thresholds of the stem cell dose required to perform safe and effective hemopoietic cord blood transplants. Recycling a proportion of unused cord blood units to prepare novel cord blood components obtained with minimal manipulation (platelets, plasma, red blood cells) and to develop more technologically complex products regulated in the US as Cellular and Gene Therapy Products and in Europe as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products [e.g. virus-specific T cells (VST), natural killer (NK) cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a promising strategy to increase the therapeutic value and reduce the financial deficits of public cord blood banking. Based on encouraging preliminary evidences reported in the literature, additional laboratory studies, large multicenter clinical trials and international regulatory harmonization are necessary to achieve these important goals. This article describes organizational, methodological and regulatory advancements developed in Italy and Spain to promote the clinical use of cord blood platelets, plasma and red blood cells.

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Concise Review: Cord Blood Banking, Transplantation and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell: Success and Opportunities

Stem Cells ◽

10.1002/stem.770 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Mahendra Rao ◽

Lars Ahrlund-Richter ◽

Dan S. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Blood Banking ◽

Concise Review ◽

Cord Blood Banking ◽

Induced Pluripotent

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Umbilical Cord Blood banking and its Therapeutic uses: A Review

Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics ◽

10.52711/2321-5836.2021.00012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-58

Author(s):

Ambika Nand Jha ◽

Dhaval M. Patel ◽

Jignesh S Patel ◽

Upama N. Trivedi ◽

Akshay H. Shah

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cells ◽

Waste Products ◽

Blood Banking ◽

Cord Blood Banking

The Cord blood is the blood from the baby that is left in the umbilical cord and placenta postpartum. Cord blood contains all the normal elements of blood-red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. But it is also rich in haematopoietic stem cells, similar to those found in the bone marrow. Haematopoietic stem cell cells that can be used to treat some types of diseases. The first successful transplantation using haematopoietic stem cells from cord blood was performed in 1988 by a team lead by Dr E. Gluckman to treat a five-year-old boy suffering from Fanconi’s anaemia. It has been estimated that more than 35,500 transplants have been performed in children and adults for the correction of inborn errors of metabolism, hematopoietic malignancies, and genetic disorders of the blood and immune system. The umbilical cord is a narrow tube-like structure that connects the growing baby to the placenta. The cord is sometimes called the baby's “supply line” because it carries the baby's blood back and forth, between the baby and the placenta. It delivers nutrients and oxygen to the baby and excretes the baby's waste products. Three cord blood banking options are available public, private and direct donation banks. The protocols and standards for screening collections and storage of cord blood have now been established worldwide for both public and private cord blood banks. The use of cord blood provides viable options for paediatric patients with malignant conditions, hemoglobinopathies, metabolic disorders, immune deficiencies and regenerative applications.

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Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking for Children with Sickle Cell Disease

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology ◽

10.3109/15513810109168609 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William Reed ◽

Mark Walters ◽

Elizabeth Trachtenberg ◽

Renee Smith ◽

Bertram Lubin

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Blood Banking ◽

Sibling Donor ◽

Cord Blood Banking

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Human Leukocyte Antigen and Red Blood Cells Impact Umbilical Cord Blood CD34+ Cell Viability after Thawing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20194875 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (19) ◽

pp. 4875 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vanegas ◽

Galindo ◽

Páez-Gutiérrez ◽

González-Acero ◽

Medina-Valderrama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Leukocyte Antigen ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Hla Typing ◽

Leukocyte Antigen

Hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation is a treatment option for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an important HPC source, mainly for pediatric patients. It has been demonstrated that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and cell dose are the most important features impacting clinical outcomes. However, UCB matching is performed using low resolution HLA typing and it has been demonstrated that the unnoticed mismatches negatively impact the transplant. Since we found differences in CD34+ viability after thawing of UCB units matched for two different patients (p = 0.05), we presumed a possible association between CD34+ cell viability and HLA. We performed a multivariate linear model (n = 67), comprising pre-cryopreservation variables and high resolution HLA genotypes separately. We found that pre-cryopreservation red blood cells (RBC), granulocytes, and viable CD34+ cell count significantly impacted CD34+ viability after thawing, along with HLA-B or -C (R2 = 0.95, p = 0.01; R2 = 0.56, p = 0.007, respectively). Although HLA-B*40:02 may have a negative impact on CD34+ cell viability, RBC depletion significantly improves it.

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