scholarly journals The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Radiation-Induced Enteritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongping Jian ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Mingdi Liu ◽  
Yishu Wang ◽  
Zhi-Xiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Radiation Enteritis ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Radiotherapy is an important treatment for abdominal tumors. A critical side effect for this therapy is enteritis. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings in radiation enteritis, in particular the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the development and therapy of the disease. Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in the occurrence of various diseases, such as radiation enteritis. Abdominal radiation results in changes in the composition of microbiota and reduces its diversity, which is mainly reflected in the decrease of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. and increase of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Gut microbiota dysbiosis aggravates radiation enteritis, weakens intestinal epithelial barrier function, and promotes inflammatory factor expression. Pathogenic Escherichia coli induce the rearrangement and redistribution of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in tight junctions, a critical component in intestinal epithelial barrier. In view of the role that microbiome plays in radiation enteritis, we believe that intestinal flora could be a potential biomarker for the disease. Correction of microbiome by application of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and antibiotics could be an effective method for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced enteritis.

Flaxseed oligosaccharides alleviate DSS-induced colitis through modulation of gut microbiota and repair of the intestinal barrier in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 8077-8088
Author(s):  
Zhenxia Xu ◽  
Wenchao Chen ◽  
Qianchun Deng ◽  
Qingde Huang ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction

Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction with dysbiosis of gut microbiota contributes to the occurrence and acceleration of colitis.

scholarly journals Inflammatory and Microbiota-Related Regulation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Barbara ◽  
Maria Raffaella Barbaro ◽  
Daniele Fuschi ◽  
Marta Palombo ◽  
Francesca Falangone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between the environment and the internal milieu of the body. It is essential to limit the passage of harmful antigens and microorganisms and, on the other side, to assure the absorption of nutrients and water. The maintenance of this delicate equilibrium is tightly regulated as it is essential for human homeostasis. Luminal solutes and ions can pass across the IEB via two main routes: the transcellular pathway or the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions (TJs) are a multi-protein complex responsible for the regulation of paracellular permeability. TJs control the passage of antigens through the IEB and have a key role in maintaining barrier integrity. Several factors, including cytokines, gut microbiota, and dietary components are known to regulate intestinal TJs. Gut microbiota participates in several human functions including the modulation of epithelial cells and immune system through the release of several metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mediators released by immune cells can induce epithelial cell damage and TJs dysfunction. The subsequent disruption of the IEB allows the passage of antigens into the mucosa leading to further inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that dysbiosis, immune activation, and IEB dysfunction have a role in several diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and gluten-related conditions. Here we summarize the interplay between the IEB and gut microbiota and mucosal immune system and their involvement in IBS, IBD, and gluten-related disorders.

scholarly journals Phillygenin Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis via Modulating Inflammation and Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Cheng Ma ◽  
Ke Fu ◽  
Li-Hong Gong ◽  
Ya-Fang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Corrective Effect

Liver fibrosis is a chronic pathological process that various pathogenic factors lead to abnormal hyperplasia of hepatic connective tissue, and its main feature is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. However, there are currently no drugs approved for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Phillygenin (PHI), a lignan isolated from Forsythiae Fructus, showed potential anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects but the mechanisms remain unknown. In view of the vital role of gut microbiota in the development of liver fibrosis, this study aimed to explore whether PHI could protect intestinal epithelial barrier and attenuate liver fibrosis by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the liver fibrosis model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of olive oil containing 10% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4 weeks in C57BL/6J mice. Histological analysis including Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson, Sirius red, and immunohistochemistry staining were carried out to detect the histopathology and collagen deposition of mice liver tissues. The biochemical indexes related to liver function (ALT, AST, AKP, γ-GT), fibrosis (HYP, HAase, LN, PC III, IV-C) and inflammation (TNF-α, MIP-1, LPS) were determined by specific commercial assay kits. In vivo experimental results showed that PHI could improve liver histopathological injury, abnormal liver function, collagen deposition, inflammation and fibrosis caused by CCl4. Moreover, PHI restored the intestinal epithelial barrier by promoting the expression of intestinal barrier markers, including ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1. More importantly, the corrective effect of PHI on the imbalance of gut microbiota was confirmed by sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene. In particular, PHI treatment enriches the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which is reported to alleviate inflammation and fibrosis of damaged liver. Collectively, PHI attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis partly via modulating inflammation and gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fibers and prebiotics in adiposity regulation via modulation of gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Rivera-Piza ◽  
Sung-Joon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

AbstractThe microbiota is indispensable for human health and the regulation of various body functions, including energy metabolism. The harmonic crosstalk between the microbiota and the intestinal epithelial barrier determines gut homeostasis and health status in the healthy subject. Obesity and type 2 diabetes risk are, to some extent, explained by alterations in the microbiota. Since recent data indicate that the population of gut microorganisms can influence nutrient absorption and energy storage thus prevalence on obesity and metabolic disorders. Moreover, metabolic disease conditions, such as obesity, may be stimulated by genetic, environmental factors and by pathways that link metabolism with the immune system. On the basis of the above considerations, this review compiles the current results obtained in recent studies indicating the gut microbiota contribution to obesity development.

Effect of amyloid curli fibrils and curli CsgA monomers from Escherichia coli on in vitro model of intestinal epithelial barrier stimulated with cytokines

2019 ◽  
Vol 309 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Beata Sobieszczańska ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Anna Duda-Madej ◽  
Krzysztof Pawlik ◽  
Jerzy Wiśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Vitro Model
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