An Updated Multi-Temporal Glacier Inventory for the Patagonian Andes With Changes Between the Little Ice Age and 2016

AbstractContemporary glaciers of southeast Siberia are located on three high-mountain ridges (east Sayan, Baikalsky and Kodar). In this study, we present an updated glacier inventory based on high- to middle-resolution satellite imagery and field investigations. The inventory includes 51 glaciers with a total area of - 15 km2. Areas of individual glaciers vary from 0.06 to 1.33 km2, lengths from 130 to 2010 m and elevations from 1796 to 3490 m. The recent ice maximum extents (Little Ice Age) have been delineated from terminal moraines. On average, debris-free surface area shrunk by 59% between 1850 and 2006/11 (0.37% a–1), by 44% between 1850 and 2001/02 (0.29% a–1) and by 27% between 2001/02 and 2006/11 (3.39% a–1). The Kodar glaciers have experienced the largest area shrinkage, while the area loss on Baikalsky ridge was more moderate. Glacier changes are mainly related to regional summer temperature increase (by 1.7-2.6C from 1970 to 2010). There are some differences in glacier response due to different spatial patterns of snow accumulation, local topography (e.g. glacier elevation, slope) and geological activity. The studied glaciers (especially of Kodar ridge) are the most sensitive in Siberia to climate change since the late 20th century.

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Little Ice Age fluctuations of Glaciar Río Manso in the North Patagonian Andes of Argentina

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/j.yqres.2009.08.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 96-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M.H. Masiokas ◽

B.H. Luckman ◽

R. Villalba ◽

A. Ripalta ◽

J. Rabassa

Keyword(s):

Little Ice Age ◽

Ice Age ◽

Lateral Moraine ◽

Early Nineteenth Century ◽

The Past ◽

The North ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Subfossil Wood ◽

Moraine Ridge ◽

Patagonian Andes

Little Ice Age (LIA) fluctuations of Glaciar R"o Manso, north Patagonian Andes, Argentina are studied using information from previous work and dendrogeomorphological analyses of living and subfossil wood. The most extensive LIA expansion occurred between the late 1700s and the 1830"1840s. Except for a massive older frontal moraine system apparently predating ca. 2240 14C yr BP and a small section of a south lateral moraine ridge that is at least 300 yr old, the early nineteenth century advance overrode surficial evidence of any earlier LIA glacier events. Over the past 150 yr the gently sloping, heavily debris-covered lower glacier tongue has thinned significantly, but several short periods of readvance or stasis have been identified and tree-ring dated to the mid-1870s, 1890s, 1900s, 1920s, 1950s, and the mid-1970s. Ice mass loss has increased in recent years due to calving into a rapidly growing proglacial lake. The neighboring debris-free and land-based Glaciar Fr"as has also retreated markedly in recent years but shows substantial differences in the timing of the peak LIA advance (early 1600s). This indicates that site-specific factors can have a significant impact on the resulting glacier records and should thus be considered carefully in the development and assessment of regional glacier chronologies.

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Changes of the equilibrium-line altitude since the Little Ice Age in the Nepalese Himalaya

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/172756408784700581 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Rijan Bhakta Kayastha ◽

Sandy P. Harrison

Keyword(s):

Little Ice Age ◽

Climate Model ◽

Ice Age ◽

Equilibrium Line ◽

Inventory Data ◽

Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽

Glacier Inventory ◽

Climate Gradients ◽

Climate Records

AbstractChanges of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in eastern Nepal have been studied using glacier inventory data. The toe-to-headwall altitude ratios (THARs) for individual glaciers were calculated for 1992, and used to estimate the ELA in 1959 and at the end of the LIA. THAR for debris-free glaciers is found to be smaller than for debris-covered glaciers. The ELAs for debris-covered glaciers are higher than those for debris-free glaciers in eastern Nepal. There is considerable variation in the reconstructed change in ELA (ΔELA) between glaciers within specific regions and between regions. This is not related to climate gradients, but results from differences in glacier aspect: southeast- and south-facing glaciers show larger ΔELAs in eastern Nepal than north- or west-facing glaciers. The data suggest that the rate of ELA rise may have accelerated in the last few decades. The limited number of climate records from Nepal, and analyses using a simple ELA–climate model, suggest that the higher rate of the ΔELA between 1959 and 1992 is a result of increased warming that occurred after the 1970s at higher altitudes in Nepal.

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Little Ice Age fluctuations of small glaciers in the Monte Fitz Roy and Lago del Desierto areas, south Patagonian Andes, Argentina

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology ◽

10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.10.031 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 281 (3-4) ◽

pp. 351-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

M.H. Masiokas ◽

B.H. Luckman ◽

R. Villalba ◽

S. Delgado ◽

P. Skvarca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Little Ice Age ◽

Ice Age ◽

Patagonian Andes

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A national glacier inventory and variations in glacier extent in Iceland from the Little Ice Age maximum to 2019

JOKULL ◽

10.33799/jokull.70.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

Hrafnhildur Hannesdóttir ◽

Oddur Sigurðsson ◽

Ragnar Þrastarson ◽

Snævarr Guðmundsson ◽

Joaquín Belart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Little Ice Age ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Ice Age ◽

Glacier Inventory ◽

Ice Caps ◽

Climatic Variations ◽

Intermediate Size ◽

Glacier Surges ◽

The 19Th Century

Abstract — A national glacier outline inventory for several different times since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in Iceland has been created with input from several research groups and institutions, and submitted to the GLIMS (Global Land Ice Measurements from Space, nsidc.org/glims) database, where it is openly available. The glacier outlines have been revised and updated for consistency and the most representative outline chosen. The maximum glacier extent during the LIA was not reached simultaneously in Iceland, but many glaciers started retreating from their outermost LIA moraines around 1890. The total area of glaciers in Iceland in 2019 was approximately 10,400 km2, and has decreased by more than 2200 km2 since the end of the 19th century (corresponding to an 18% loss in area) and by approximately 750 km2 since ~2000. The larger ice caps have lost 10–30% of their maximum LIA area, whereas intermediate-size glaciers have been reduced by up to 80%. During the first two decades of the 21st century, the decrease rate has on average been approximately 40 km2 a-1. During this period, some tens of small glaciers have disappeared entirely. Temporal glacier inventories are important for climate change studies, for calibration of glacier models, for studies of glacier surges and glacier dynamics, and they are essential for better understanding of the state of glaciers. Although surges, volcanic eruptions and jökulhlaups influence the position of some glacier termini, glacier variations have been rather synchronous in Iceland, largely following climatic variations since the end of the 19th century.

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Long-Term Changes of Morphodynamics on Little Ice Age Lateral Moraines and the Resulting Sediment Transfer into Mountain Streams in the Upper Kauner Valley, Austria

Water ◽

10.3390/w12123375 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3375

Author(s):

Moritz Altmann ◽

Livia Piermattei ◽

Florian Haas ◽

Tobias Heckmann ◽

Fabian Fleischer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Little Ice Age ◽

Aerial Images ◽

Ice Age ◽

Mountain Streams ◽

Adjustment Process ◽

Vegetation Development ◽

Total Period ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

External Forces

Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), formerly glaciated areas have undergone considerable changes in their morphodynamics due to external forces and system-internal dynamics. Using multi-temporal high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from different remote sensing techniques such as historical digital aerial images and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and the resulting DEMs of difference (DoD), spatial erosion and accumulation patterns can be analyzed in proglacial areas over several decades. In this study, several morphological sediment budgets of different test sites on lateral moraines and different long-term periods were determined, covering a total period of 49 years. The test sites show high ongoing morphodynamics, and therefore low vegetation development. A decrease as well as an increase of the mean annual erosion volume could be demonstrated at the different test sites. All test sites show a slope–channel coupling and a decrease in the efficiency of sediment transport from slopes to channels. These developments are generally subject to conditions of increasing temperature, decreasing short-term precipitation patterns and increasing runoff from adjacent mountain streams. Finally, the study shows that sediment is still available on the investigated test sites and the paraglacial adjustment process is still in progress even after several decades of deglaciation (~133 years).

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Multi-temporal mapping of the Upper Rhone Valley (Valais, Switzerland): fluvial landscape changes at the end of the Little Ice Age (18th–19th centuries)

Journal of Maps ◽

10.1080/17445647.2020.1724837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 212-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Filippo Brandolini ◽

Emmanuel Reynard ◽

Manuela Pelfini

Keyword(s):

Little Ice Age ◽

Ice Age ◽

Landscape Changes ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

Fluvial Landscape ◽

Rhone Valley

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Tracing glacier changes in Austria from the Little Ice Age to the present using a lidar-based high-resolution glacier inventory in Austria

The Cryosphere ◽

10.5194/tc-9-753-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 753-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

A. Fischer ◽

B. Seiser ◽

M. Stocker Waldhuber ◽

C. Mitterer ◽

J. Abermann

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Little Ice Age ◽

Ice Age ◽

Relative Area ◽

Glacier Area ◽

Regional Variability ◽

Glacier Inventory ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Glacier Changes ◽

The Mean

Abstract. Glacier inventories provide the basis for further studies on mass balance and volume change, relevant for local hydrological issues as well as for global calculation of sea level rise. In this study, a new Austrian glacier inventory has been compiled, updating data from 1969 (GI 1) and 1998 (GI 2) based on high-resolution lidar digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophotos dating from 2004 to 2012 (GI 3). To expand the time series of digital glacier inventories in the past, the glacier outlines of the Little Ice Age maximum state (LIA) have been digitalized based on the lidar DEM and orthophotos. The resulting glacier area for GI 3 of 415.11 ± 11.18 km2 is 44% of the LIA area. The annual relative area losses are 0.3% yr−1 for the ~119-year period GI LIA to GI 1 with one period with major glacier advances in the 1920s. From GI 1 to GI 2 (29 years, one advance period of variable length in the 1980s) glacier area decreased by 0.6% yr−1 and from GI 2 to GI 3 (10 years, no advance period) by 1.2% yr−1. Regional variability of the annual relative area loss is highest in the latest period, ranging from 0.3 to 6.19% yr−1. The mean glacier size decreased from 0.69 km2 (GI 1) to 0.46 km2 (GI 3), with 47% of the glaciers being smaller than 0.1 km2 in GI 3 (22%).

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Glacial reduction in the Gran Paradiso Massif (Western Italian Alps): multitemporal dynamic inventory since the Little Ice Age

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10734 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Simona Gennaro ◽

Maria Cristina Salvatore ◽

Linda Alderighi ◽

Riccardo Cerrato ◽

Carlo Baroni

Keyword(s):

Little Ice Age ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Ice Age ◽

European Alps ◽

Italian Alps ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

Gran Paradiso ◽

The Impact

Alpine glaciers are sensitive key markers of climate variations, as their geometry and shape are the results of adjustments in response to changes of their mass balance. Since the Little Ice Age the European Alps, as well as other mountain ranges, experienced a phase of generalized retreat, accentuated during the last decades. The availability of quantitative data on glaciers variations from major mountain regions represent relevant tools for better understanding the glacier behaviour in response to ongoing climatic changes. Here we present new data on Holocenic variations of glaciers hosted in the Gran Paradiso Massif, the first Italian National Park (Western Italian Alps).We built the multi-temporal digital inventory of the Gran Paradiso Massif glaciers covering a time period of over 150 years, considering distinct time steps spanning from the Little Ice Age (LIA) to 2015. The multi-temporal dataset was built including glaciers outlines (derived from high resolution orthophotos and historical maps) and the data related to frontal variations (coming from annual glaciological surveys conducted by the Italian Glaciological Committee). Database was managed in GIS environment and populated following the guidelines suggested by the WGMS. Multi-temporal analysis supplied new quantitative data on the strong glacial decline occurred since the LIA and dramatically accelerated since the 90s.During the LIA the Gran Paradiso Massif hosted more than 120 glaciers extended for about 112 km2 reduced to 73 units in 2015 covering only about 32 km2.Our data underline a loss of about 50 &#177; 4 m w.e. and ELA variations of about 166/130 &#177; 5/4 m (considering AAR/AABR methods, respectively) from the maximum LIA position and 2006. The strong contraction and fragmentation of the studied glaciers is underlined by area loss of over 71% (with a reduction rate of -0.36% y-1) from the LIA to 2015, as well as by the increase in the number of glacial bodies smaller than 0.1 km2, and by the increase in the number of extinct glaciers (33 in 2015 respect to 1957). Furthermore, during the last decades, new data obtained show a dramatic acceleration in the contraction rates of the glacial bodies, which can lead to impressive landscape changes and to a relevant increase of geomorphological hazard.The multitemporal data show a very detailed evolution of Gran Paradiso glaciers also considering ice- mass loss and can contribute to modelling glaciers response to climate changes in a sensitive area of the Italian Alps, considering its location at the border of a &#8220;dry zone&#8221;. Improving the knowledge on the glacial resource could contribute in better understanding the impact of warming climate on mountain hydrology, as well as to increase the awareness of the population and authorities to be resilient in a near future with strong reduction of meltwater runoff.

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Tracing glacial disintegration from the LIA to the present using a LIDAR-based hi-res glacier inventory

The Cryosphere Discussions ◽

10.5194/tcd-8-5195-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 5195-5226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Fischer ◽

B. Seiser ◽

M. Stocker-Waldhuber ◽

C. Mitterer ◽

J. Abermann

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

High Resolution ◽

Sea Level ◽

Little Ice Age ◽

Ice Age ◽

Glacier Area ◽

Regional Variability ◽

Glacier Inventory ◽

The Past ◽

Lidar Dem

Abstract. Glacier inventories provide the basis for further studies on mass balance and volume change, relevant for local hydrological issues as well as for global calculation of sea level rise. In this study, a new Austrian glacier inventory updating data from 1969 (GI I) and 1998 (GI II) has been compiled, based on high resolution LiDAR DEMs and orthophotos dating from 2004 to 2011 (GI III). To expand the time series of digital glacier inventories in the past, the glacier inventory of the Little Ice Age maximum state (LIA) has been digitalized based on the LiDAR DEM. The resulting glacier area for GI III of 415.11 ± 11.18 km2 is 44% of the LIA area. The area losses show high regional variability, ranging from 11% annual relative loss to less than 1% for the latest period. The glacier sizes reduced from LIA to the latest period, so that in GI III 47% of the glaciers' areas are smaller than 0.1 km2.

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