scholarly journals Mountain glaciers of southeast Siberia: current state and changes since the Little Ice Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Osipov ◽  
O.P. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Glacier Changes

AbstractContemporary glaciers of southeast Siberia are located on three high-mountain ridges (east Sayan, Baikalsky and Kodar). In this study, we present an updated glacier inventory based on high- to middle-resolution satellite imagery and field investigations. The inventory includes 51 glaciers with a total area of - 15 km2. Areas of individual glaciers vary from 0.06 to 1.33 km2, lengths from 130 to 2010 m and elevations from 1796 to 3490 m. The recent ice maximum extents (Little Ice Age) have been delineated from terminal moraines. On average, debris-free surface area shrunk by 59% between 1850 and 2006/11 (0.37% a–1), by 44% between 1850 and 2001/02 (0.29% a–1) and by 27% between 2001/02 and 2006/11 (3.39% a–1). The Kodar glaciers have experienced the largest area shrinkage, while the area loss on Baikalsky ridge was more moderate. Glacier changes are mainly related to regional summer temperature increase (by 1.7-2.6C from 1970 to 2010). There are some differences in glacier response due to different spatial patterns of snow accumulation, local topography (e.g. glacier elevation, slope) and geological activity. The studied glaciers (especially of Kodar ridge) are the most sensitive in Siberia to climate change since the late 20th century.

scholarly journals Tracing glacier changes in Austria from the Little Ice Age to the present using a lidar-based high-resolution glacier inventory in Austria

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fischer ◽  
B. Seiser ◽  
M. Stocker Waldhuber ◽  
C. Mitterer ◽  
J. Abermann
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Glacier inventories provide the basis for further studies on mass balance and volume change, relevant for local hydrological issues as well as for global calculation of sea level rise. In this study, a new Austrian glacier inventory has been compiled, updating data from 1969 (GI 1) and 1998 (GI 2) based on high-resolution lidar digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophotos dating from 2004 to 2012 (GI 3). To expand the time series of digital glacier inventories in the past, the glacier outlines of the Little Ice Age maximum state (LIA) have been digitalized based on the lidar DEM and orthophotos. The resulting glacier area for GI 3 of 415.11 ± 11.18 km2 is 44% of the LIA area. The annual relative area losses are 0.3% yr−1 for the ~119-year period GI LIA to GI 1 with one period with major glacier advances in the 1920s. From GI 1 to GI 2 (29 years, one advance period of variable length in the 1980s) glacier area decreased by 0.6% yr−1 and from GI 2 to GI 3 (10 years, no advance period) by 1.2% yr−1. Regional variability of the annual relative area loss is highest in the latest period, ranging from 0.3 to 6.19% yr−1. The mean glacier size decreased from 0.69 km2 (GI 1) to 0.46 km2 (GI 3), with 47% of the glaciers being smaller than 0.1 km2 in GI 3 (22%).

Topographic control of glacier changes since the end of the Little Ice Age in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 102803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. López-Moreno ◽  
Jorge L. Ceballos ◽  
Francisco Rojas-Heredia ◽  
Javier Zabalza-Martinez ◽  
Ixeia Vidaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Glacier Changes

Glacier changes since the Little Ice Age maximum in the western Qilian Shan, northwest China, and consequences of glacier runoff for water supply

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (164) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shiyin ◽  
Sun Wenxin ◽  
Shen Yongping ◽  
Li Gang
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
North West ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Topographical Maps

AbstractBased on aerial photographs, topographical maps and the Landsat-5 image data, we have analyzed fluctuations of glaciers in the western Qilian Shan, north-west China, from the Little Ice Age (LIA) to 1990. The areas and volumes of glaciers in the whole considered region decreased 15% and 18%, respectively, from the LIA maximum to 1956. This trend of glacier shrinkage continued and accelerated between 1956 and 1990. These latest decreases in area and volume were about 10% in 34 years. The recent shrinkage may be due either to a combination of higher temperatures and lower precipitation during the period 1956–66, or to continuous warming in the high glacierized mountains from 1956 to 1990. As a consequence, glacier runoff from ice wastage between 1956 and 1990 has increased river runoff by 6.2 km3 in the four river basins under consideration. Besides, the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) rise estimated from the mean terminus retreat of small glaciers <1 km long is 46 m, which corresponds to a 0.3°C increase of mean temperatures in warm seasons from the LIA to the 1950s.

scholarly journals Accelerating retreat and high-elevation thinning of glaciers in central Spitsbergen

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Małecki
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Geodetic Mass Balance ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract. Svalbard is a heavily glacier-covered archipelago in the Arctic. Dickson Land (DL), in the central part of the largest island, Spitsbergen, is relatively arid and, as a result, glaciers there are relatively small and restricted mostly to valleys and cirques. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of glacier changes in DL based on inventories compiled from topographic maps and digital elevation models for the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum, the 1960s, 1990, and 2009/2011. Total glacier area has decreased by  ∼ 38 % since the LIA maximum, and front retreat increased over the study period. Recently, most of the local glaciers have been consistently thinning in all elevation bands, in contrast to larger Svalbard ice masses which remain closer to balance. The mean 1990–2009/2011 geodetic mass balance of glaciers in DL is among the most negative from the Svalbard regional means known from the literature.

scholarly journals An Updated Multi-Temporal Glacier Inventory for the Patagonian Andes With Changes Between the Little Ice Age and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang J.-H. Meier ◽  
Jussi Grießinger ◽  
Philipp Hochreuther ◽  
Matthias H. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Patagonian Andes

scholarly journals Recession of Grasshopper Glacier, Montana, Since 1898

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane G. Ferrigno
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Positive Mass ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
If Current ◽  
Central Rocky Mountains

Grasshopper Glacier is a cirque glacier in the central Rocky Mountains of the United States. It is a remnant of the “Little Ice Age”, rather than the more widespread and older Pinedale Glaciation. The glacier has not been monitored on a regular basis and very few maps have been published of the area, but it has been studied, photographed, occasionally mapped, and described by scientific and non-scientific groups, at different times since 1898. These photographic, cartographic, and written records make it possible to trace the fluctuations of this glacier since 1898. Grasshopper Glacier has had periods of positive mass balance, but the overall trend has been negative, with accelerated melting in recent years. It is estimated that Grasshopper Glacier has lost about 50% of its area and as much as 90% of its volume, since 1898. Other Rocky Mountain glaciers are experiencing similar wastage and, if current conditions continue, these glaciers will disappear by the middle of the next century.

scholarly journals LO STATO ATTUALE DEI GHIACCIAI ITALIANI E LA LORO RECENTE EVOLUZIONE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Smiraglia ◽  
Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti
Keyword(s):  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Mountain Glacier ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Proglacial Lakes ◽  
The World ◽  
Mountain Landscapes ◽  
Recent Project

Mountain glaciers represent an important hydrological and touristic resource, and their recent evolution provides a dramatic evidence of climate change for the general public. Glacier inventories, quantifying glacier characteristics and evolution, are an important tool to describe and manage high mountain glacier environments and Italy has developed a long tradition in this sector. Our country was the first to provide itself with a glacier inventory, compiled by Comitato Glaciologico Italiano and CNR, showing a glacier surface of 530 km2. A recent project, coordinated by Università Statale di Milano with the support of private bodies and the cooperation of Comitato EvK2CNR and Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, led to the development of the new Italian Glacier Inventory, a national atlas produced from the analysis of color orthophotos at high resolution acquired between 2005 and 2011. The New Italian Glacier Inventory lists 903 glaciers, covering an area of 370 km2. The largest part of glacier area is located in Val d’Aosta (36.15% of the total), followed by Lombardia and South Tyrol. 84% of glaciers (considering the number of glaciers) have an area lower than 0.5 km2 and jointly account for 21% of the total glacier surface. Glaciers larger than 1 Km2 make up 9.4% of the total number, but cover 67.8% of the total glacier area. The comparison between data from the New Italian Glacier Inventory and the CGI-CNR inventory (1959-1962) shows a 30% reduction in glacier area in Italy; considering instead the World Glacier Inventory or WGI, published at the end of the ‘80s, which reported 1381 glaciers and an area of 609 km2, glacier loss sums up to 478 glaciers and an area of 239 km2 (-39%). This shrinkage has led to rapid and significant changes to high mountain landscapes, notably glacier fragmentation, an increase in deglaciated areas, the formation of proglacial lakes and the development of pioneer vegetation.

scholarly journals Variations in surface area of six ice aprons in the Mont-Blanc massif since the Little Ice Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (259) ◽  
pp. 777-789
Author(s):  
Grégoire Guillet ◽  
Ludovic Ravanel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Mont Blanc Massif

AbstractDeglaciation of high mountain rockwalls alters slope stability as rockwalls become more sensitive to modifications in environmental factors (e.g. seasonal temperature variations). In the past decades, increasing efforts focused on studying deglaciated Alpine rockwalls. Yet, currently deglaciating rockfaces remain unstudied. Here, we quantify surface area variations of massive ice bodies lying on high mountain rockwalls (ice aprons) in the French sector of the Mont Blanc massif between the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and 2018. Surface area estimates are computed from terrestrial and aerial oblique photographs via photogrammetry. This technique allows using photographs taken without scientific intent, and to tap into diverse historical or recent photographic catalogs. We derive an ice apron surface area model from precipitation records and the positive degree-days. The studied ice aprons shrank from 1854 to the 1950s, before expanding until the end of the 1990s. The beginning of the 21st century shows a decrease in surface area, leading to the complete melt of one of the studied ice aprons in 2017. Observed variations correlate with modeled surface area, suggesting strong sensitivity of ice aprons to changes in climatic variables. By studying site-specific correlations, we explore the importance of local drivers over the balance of ice aprons.

scholarly journals Volumetric variations of Glacier de Sarennes, French Alps, during the last two centuries

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
François Valla ◽  
Christian Piedallu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Ice Volume

Glacier de Sarennes, located in the heart of the French Alps, has been observed closely since 1906 and regularly measured (snow accumulation, ablation and mass balance) since 1948. Several publications have stemmed from this research, such as the 1906 and 1958 glaciological maps and the 1981 and 1991 photogrammetric analyses. In 1992, a field radar campaign determined the ice thickness and allowed the drawing of the bedrock map with reasonable accuracy. The Little Ice Age stage was reconstructed with the bedrock tracks, in 1995.The above-mentioned documents were digitized, and the computer program Arc-Info permitted the calculation of the successive volume stages occupied by the glacier from 1850 to 1991. Cross-sections and slope profiles illustrate the evolution of the thickness of Glacier de Sarennes during the last 150 years. All of these results, consistent with the variation of the mass balance observed or estimated, show the main conclusion: compared with today, the glacier was about four times more voluminous 90 years ago (i.e. it has lost three-quarters of its ice volume) and five times bigger one and a half centuries ago.

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