scholarly journals Co-digestion of Oil Palm Trunk Hydrolysate and Slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biohydrogen Production in a Fixed Bed Reactor by Immobilized Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 on Expanded Clay

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sontaya Khamtib ◽  
Sureewan Sittijunda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Imai ◽  
Alissara Reungsang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Thermoanaerobacterium Thermosaccharolyticum

The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of expanded clay as a support material for Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 to produce hydrogen from oil palm trunk hydrolysate (OPT) and slaughterhouse wastewater (SHW) in a fixed-bed reactor (FBR) under non-sterile conditions. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of the FBR were also investigated. The FBR was operated at an OPT hydrolysate to SHW ratio of 2.55:1 (v:v), 60°C, initial pH 6.5, and 1.2 mg (as total volatile solids/g expanded clay) of T. thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 immobilized on expanded clay. A maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) and hydrogen yield (HY) of 7.15 ± 0.22 L/L day and 234.45 ± 5.14 mL H2/g-COD, respectively, were obtained at an HRT of 6 h. Long-term operation of FBR at 6 h HRT indicated that expanded clay efficiently immobilizes T. thermosaccharolyticum KKU19, for which an HPR of 6.82 ± 0.56 L H2/L day, and an HY of 231.99 ± 19.59 mL H2/g-COD were obtained. Furthermore, the COD removal efficiency of 30% obtained under long-term operation was comparable to that under short-term operation at an HRT of 6 days. Butyric and acetic acids were the main soluble metabolite products, thereby indicating a butyrate–acetate type fermentation. Our findings indicate that expanded clay is an effective support material that contributes to the protection of microbial cells and can be used for long-term operation.

Start-up and long-term operation of the Anammox process in a fixed bed reactor (FBR) filled with novel non-woven ring carriers

Chemosphere ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Hanmin Zhang ◽  
Fenglin Yang ◽  
Yifei Li ◽  
Guangyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

scholarly journals Analysis and Model-Based Description of the Total Process of Periodic Deactivation and Regeneration of a VOx Catalyst for Selective Dehydrogenation of Propane

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Andreas Brune ◽  
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern ◽  
Christof Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Total Process

This study intends to provide insights into various aspects related to the reaction kinetics of the VOx catalyzed propane dehydrogenation including main and side reactions and, in particular, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, which can be hardly found in combination in current literature. To kinetically describe the complex reaction network, a reduced model was fitted to lab scale experiments performed in a fixed bed reactor. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to investigate the coking behavior of the catalyst under defined conditions considering propane and propene as precursors for coke formation. Propene was identified to be the main coke precursor, which agrees with results of experiments using a segmented fixed bed reactor (FBR). A mechanistic multilayer-monolayer coke growth model was developed to mathematically describe the catalyst coking. Samples from long-term deactivation experiments in an FBR were used for regeneration experiments with oxygen to gasify the coke deposits in a TGA. A power law approach was able to describe the regeneration behavior well. Finally, the results of periodic experiments consisting of several deactivation and regeneration cycles verified the long-term stability of the catalyst and confirmed the validity of the derived and parametrized kinetic models for deactivation and regeneration, which will allow model-based process development and optimization.

scholarly journals Long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an up-flow fixed bed reactor established for the biodegradation of fluorobenzene

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Carvalho ◽  
R. Ferreira Jorge ◽  
C. C. Pacheco ◽  
P. De Marco ◽  
I. S. Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Author(s):  
Li Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao Jian Ma ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ya Nan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ethanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Ethanol Steam

Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst in the temperatures range of 250-550°C was studied on a fixed bed reactor. The effects of reaction temperature and water/ethanol molar ratio on hydrogen production were investigated. The structure and surface characteristics of the catalyst were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DSC). The results show that the Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst has good catalytic performance with higher hydrogen yield of 4.87molH2/molEtOH reacted. A comparison of hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst with over a commercial catalyst was made in this paper.

scholarly journals Start-up of anaerobic reactors for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALDO FIA ◽  
ERLON L. PEREIRA ◽  
FÁTIMA R. L. FIA ◽  
DÉBORA G. EMBOABA ◽  
EMANUEL M. GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Bicarbonate Alkalinity

This study aimed to evaluate the start-up of a horizontal anaerobic fixed bed reactor (HAFBR) followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) for the slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. HAFBR was filled with bamboo rings and had 1.2 m in length, 0.10 m in diameter and volume of 7.5 L. The UASB had the volume of 15 L. The HAFBR and UASB operated at organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time average of 8.46 and 3.77 kg m-3 d-1 of COD and 0.53 and 0.98 days, respectively. During 150 days of monitoring system it was found pH 6.8, relatively high values of bicarbonate alkalinity (> 1000 mg L-1) and reduced values of volatile acids (70 to 150 mg L-1), which afforded average removal efficiencies of COD total and total suspended solids of the order of 31 and 23% in HAFBR and 79% and 63% in UASB. It can be concluded that the generation and consumption of bicarbonate alkalinity and total volatile acids, thereby maintaining the pH during the study indicated stable operation of the reactors. The COD removal in the reactors was satisfactory especially when it considers that the assessment was conducted in a period of adaptation of organisms to the effluent and also the high organic load applied during this period.

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