scholarly journals Increasing Obesity in Treated Female HIV Patients from Sub-Saharan Africa: Potential Causes and Possible Targets for Intervention

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. McCormick ◽  
Arianne M. Francis ◽  
Kim Iliffe ◽  
Helen Webb ◽  
Catherine J. Douch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan

Feasibility of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screening for cervical cancer in Tanzania with emphasis on special populations.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5527-5527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Chinn ◽  
Ava Runge ◽  
Andreea Dinicu ◽  
Jenny Chang ◽  
Argyrios Ziogas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hiv Rapid Testing ◽  
Sub Saharan

5527 Background: Following the report that VIA screening reduced cervical cancer mortality by 31% in India (ASCO LBA2 2013; Shastri SS, et al JNCI 2014), the W.H.O. endorsed VIA guidelines for Africa, where the global disease burden is highest. In Tanzania, cervical cancer is a major source of morbidity and mortality, with nearly 10,000 new cases and 7,000 deaths annually. Due to lack of resources, therapies are limited and patient outcomes are further confounded by the relatively high prevalence of concurrent HIV infection. We report on the feasibility of VIA screening in Tanzania with emphasis on unique populations. Methods: Our two 5-day VIA screen-and-treat workshops in Buzuruga and Sangabuye Health Centres in Mwanza, Tanzania were approved by the University of California, Irvine IRB and local health authorities. Participants were recruited from surrounding communities and offered free cervical VIA screening, cryotherapy when indicated, and HIV rapid testing. Acetowhite lesions and/or abnormal vascular markings were VIA+. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were performed with statistical significance assigned at 0.05. Results: During July 2018, 825 of 917 registered participants underwent VIA screening and 25.1% (n=207) were VIA+. 147 VIA+ non-pregnant women received same day cryotherapy and 15 (1.8%) with lesions suspicious for cancer were referred to Bugando Medical Center. In the subanalysis of 64 HIV+ patients (23 diagnosed at the workshops, 41 with prior diagnosis on ART), HIV infection was not associated with VIA positivity (p=0.497). Additionally, a non-significant trend of higher VIA+ screens among newly diagnosed untreated HIV patients (27.7%) vs patients with known HIV on ART (17.5%) was observed (p=0.556). Conclusions: VIA screening for cervical cancer, while feasible in Tanzania, will require follow-up and repetitive screening. Although cervical cancer is an AIDS-defining illness, lack of correlation between HIV infection and VIA-positivity may reflect the availability of W.H.O.-subsidized ART in sub-Saharan Africa to attenuate HPV-mediated neoplastic transformation, as previously reported by others. Further study of this phenomenon is warranted.

Intensity and correlates of multidimensional problems in HIV patients receiving integrated palliative care in sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harding ◽  
Lucy Selman ◽  
Godfrey Agupio ◽  
Natalya Dinat ◽  
Julia Downing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Multidimensional Problems ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Peripheral neuropathy in HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa failing first-line therapy and the response to second-line ART in the EARNEST trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Arenas-Pinto ◽  
◽  
Jennifer Thompson ◽  
Godfrey Musoro ◽  
Hellen Musana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Magnitude of Cryptococcosis among HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Alemayehu ◽  
Sosina Ayalew ◽  
Temesgen Buzayehu ◽  
Deresse Daka
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Background: Cryptococcus is encapsulated opportunistic yeast that causes life threatening meningoencephalitis of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The magnitude of Cryptococcosis among HIV patients varies from 1-10% in Western countries as opposed to almost a one third of HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa where it is associated with high mortality. Methodology: By using key terms “Cryptococcosis among HIV patients in sub-saharan Africa countries”, articles that published in different journals from 2010-2017 searched on Pub-Med and Google scholar database. Those freely accessible and included the prevalence of Cryptococcosis in the result section, their PDF file was downloaded and the result extracted manually and presented in table. Articles that did not report the prevalence of Cryptococcosis, with a study design otherthan cross sectional, or a sample size less than 100, and those duplicated in the same study area and period by the same authors were excluded. The article selec- tion followed the PRISMA guidelines and meta- analysis was performed using OpenMeta(analyst). Results: The overall pooled magnitude of Cryptococcosis among HIV patients in sub saharan African countries was 8.3% (95%CI 6.1-10.5%). The highest prevalence was from Uganda (19%) and the least was from Ethiopia at 1.6%. There was 87.2 % of substantial heterogeneity among the studies with p-value<0.001. The symmetry ofthe forest plot showed that there was little publication bias. The most commonly used method for diagnosis of Cryptococcosis was lateral flow assay and latex agglutination test and culture was the least method employed. Conclusion: The overall pooled magnitude of Cryptococcosisis high among HIV patients in sub-Saharan African countries. The studies showed substantial heterogeneity, and little publication bias. Most of the studies relied on LFA & LA that showed the scarcity of facilities for fungal culture. Therefore, paying attention to screening HIV patients; those with signs and symptoms of meningitis may help to reduce the loss of HIV patients. Keywords: Cryptococcosis; sub-Saharan African; HIV; meta-analysis.

scholarly journals Food supplementation among HIV-infected adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: impact on treatment adherence and weight gain

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiron A. Audain ◽  
Francis B. Zotor ◽  
Paul Amuna ◽  
Basma Ellahi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Therapeutic Food

Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest proportion of undernourished people in the world, along with the highest number of people living with HIV and AIDS. Thus, as a result of high levels of food insecurity many HIV patients are also undernourished. The synergism between HIV and undernutrition leads to poor treatment adherence and high mortality rates. Undernutrition has a debilitating effect on the immune system due to key nutrient deficiencies and the overproduction of reactive species (oxidative stress), which causes rapid HIV progression and the onset of AIDS. Therapeutic food supplementation used in the treatment of severe acute malnutrition is being applied to HIV palliative care; however, little biochemical data exist to highlight its impact on oxidative stress and immune recovery. In addition, as most food supplements are imported by donor agencies, efforts are being put into local therapeutic food production such as the Food Multi-Mix concept to ensure sustainability. The purpose of this review is to highlight studies that examine the effectiveness of food supplementation in undernourished HIV patients in Sub-Saharan Africa; noting the parameters used to measure efficacy, as well as the long-term feasibility of supplementation.

scholarly journals Cardiac Disease and HIV in Africa: A Case for Physical Exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Olga Mocumbi
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Type Of Exercise

AIDS-related deaths and new HIV infections have declined globally, but continue to be a major problem in Africa. Prior to the advent of antiretroviral treatment (ART) HIV patients died of immunodeficiency and associated opportunistic infections; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has resulted in increased survival of these patients and has transformed this illness into a chronic condition. Cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological and muscular problems interfere with exercise in HIV-infected patients. Particularly cardiovascular disease may be associated with direct damage by the virus, by antiretroviral therapy and by malnutrition and chronic lung disease, resulting in physical and psychological impairment. Recent studies have shown the benefits of exercise training to improvement of physiologic and functional parameters, with the gains being specific to the type of exercise performed. Exercise should be recommended to all HIV patients as an effective prevention and treatment for metabolic and cardiovascular syndromes associated with HIV and HAART exposure in sub-Saharan Africa.

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