Reflections on nursing and COVID-19 in light of health education

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the nursing and pandemic of COVID-19 considering health education, health promotion, and the Ottawa Charter action areas. Methods: A theoretical-reflexive study on health education and health promotion concepts and the areas of action presented in the Ottawa Charter. Results: Educational actions are present in the contexts of epidemics and pandemics, as well as in the work of nurses, who need to be increasingly based on dialogue and individual and collective empowerment to enable users to adopt healthy and preventive behaviors - in this case, concerning COVID19. However, this professional needs effective and efficient public policy actions and measures based on scientific assumptions of health promotion. Final considerations: The actions of health education need to be increasingly valued because knowledge can be considered the first “vaccine” to combat any pandemic.

Scoping review protocol to understand the conceptualisation, implementation and practices of health promotion within the context of primary healthcare in Africa

IntroductionThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of health promotion in empowering and sustaining communities, as well as the need to build resilient health systems and work collectively with other sectors to protect and promote health. The WHO has mainstreamed health promotion in the Global health agenda. However, the definition and practices of health promotion in Africa are not well understood and documented, with often, an interchangeable use of the concept of health promotion and health prevention. This scoping review is to explore how health promotion is defined and practised in Africa and identify gaps in its implementation within the framework of the Ottawa Charter.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will employ the approach described by Arksey and O’Malley in 2005. The approach consists of five stages: (1) formulating the research questions, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting eligible studies, (4) charting the data and (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results. This protocol employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The review will apply the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to present the results. The scoping review will adapt the five principles set forth in the Ottawa Charter to categorise the outcomes and uses its strategies to define the interventions. Data bases searched are Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS, CABI, JBI Evidence Synthesis and grey literature. The database last searched was January 2021.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethics approval. Our dissemination strategy includes peer review publication, policy brief, presentation at conferences and relevant stakeholders.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat “Kampung KB” Ditinjau dari Perspektif Ottawa Charter

Latar Belakang: Kampung Keluarga Berencana (KB) merupakan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis keluarga dan komunitas. Kampung Keluarga Berencana merupakan program yang didasarkan pada Nawacita. kajian tentang program Kampung KB banyak dianalisis dari berbagai perspektif. Namun tidak banyak yang menganalisis dari perspektif Ottawa Charter, hal ini yang membedakan dengan penelitian lainnya . Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeskplorasi implementasi pemberdayaan masyarakat Program Kampung KB dari perspektif ottawa charter. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus yang didukung dengan pengambilan data berupa wawancara mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Informan dalam pelaksanaan in-depth interview sebanyak 15 orang. Lokasi penelitian di Surabaya di RW 12 Sidotopo Kecamatan Semampir Surabaya. Hasil: Hasil analisis berdasarkan poin Ottawa charter, menunjukkan Kampung KB RW 12 belum optimal, seperti belum adanya kebijakan kesehatan tertulis. Komunikasi antara Puskesmas dan DP5A masih lemah sehingga terjadi penumpukan tugas, kurangya anggaran operasional, serta anggaran dana dari pemerintah yang belum tuntas. Uniknya, pengurus mampu menggalang dana swadaya untuk operasional Kampung KB. Pihak luar pun turut membantu masyarakat dalam hal bantuan pendidikan hingga pelatihan UMKM. Kampung KB membawa banyak perubahan di masyarakat, seperti gerakan bimbingan belajar pada remajanya hingga proyek bank sampah. Kesimpulan: Implementasi pemberdayaan masyarakat pada program kampung ditinjau dari perspektif ottawa charter belum memenuhi semua aspek dengan sempurna, terutama dalam hal kebijakan dan reorientasi health services.

Health Promotion in the National Health Plan in Brazil and the incompatibility with global objectives

The First International Conference on Health Promotion held in Canada in 1986 resulted in the Ottawa Charter, which objectively presents the goals to be achieved by the year 2000, which would contribute to the progress achieved since the Declaration of Alma-Ata and with the debate that took place at the World Health Assembly, in order to contemplate the goal of “health for all in the year 2000”. Obviously, even with all the advances, the goal expected for the year 2000 is far from being reached, which requires a continuous effort by the government and an engagement of the global population for the changes to occur in a sensitive and effective way. Thus, it is necessary to monitor the actions that should be developed so that health promotion is an issue that is increasingly present in health services. This work aimed to analyze the current Brazilian National Health Plan to verify if the proposed actions are in line with what has been recommended in the official international documents for the development of health promotion. The results demonstrate that the Plan is composed of epidemiological data, incidence rates about the monitoring of mortality and comorbidities, demographic indicators and issues based in the surveillance of endemic diseases, in addition to thirteen objectives and seven thematic axes that guide disease control and issues related to the structure of the Health System and its organization. In its entire content, there is no mention of the goals defined in the report of the 9th Global Conference on Health Promotion or even the Ottawa Charter, and the expression 'health promotion' appears only once, in a context of mentioning the surveillance and violence prevention actions. It is concluded that the Plan is a mere formal instrument that does not include actions for the development of health promotion, prepared according to the braszillians protocol and bureaucratic requirements, following the procedures to be approved by the National Congress. Key messages The National Health Plan presents a global overview about brazillians health situation, but doesn’t bring factive solutions and do not support the engagement to health promotion. The National Health Plan is not in line with the Global engagement for enhancing Health Promotion and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Prevenção primordial, Envelhecimento ativo e Reforma faseada: Um Triângulo Saudável?

Segundo a Carta de Ottawa (Organização Mundial de Saúde, 1986) a Promoção da Saúde consiste no processo que visa criar condições para que as pessoas aumentem a sua capacidade de controlar os fatores determinantes da saúde, no sentido de a melhorar.1 A Prevenção é uma das principais componentes de promoção da saúde e ocupa uma grande dimensão no quotidiano do médico de família, implicando o desenvolvimento de diferentes atividades, que podem ser sistematizadas em três vertentes de ação inter-relacionadas e complementares: Educação para a saúde, Prevenção da doença e Proteção da saúde. Atualmente consideram-se 5 níveis de prevenção, mas para o presente assunto destaco a Prevenção Primordial como forma de evitar o estabelecimento de estilos de vida que se sabem contribuir para um riscoacrescido de doença, contemplando para isso políticas e programas de promoção de determinantes positivos de saúde.2 1. World Health Organization. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. An international conference on health promotion: The move towards a new public health; 1986 Nov 17-21, Ottawa. Ottawa: WHO; 1987.2. Hespanhol AP, Couto L, Martins C. A