scholarly journals Therapeutic Opportunities of Interleukin-33 in the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Sun ◽  
Yankai Wen ◽  
Luxi Wang ◽  
Liang Wen ◽  
Wendong You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Receptor Accessory Protein

Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is involved in various diseases. IL-33 exerts its effects via its heterodimeric receptor complex, which comprises suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that IL-33/ST2 signaling plays diverse but crucial roles in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, infection, trauma, and ischemic stroke. In the current review, we focus on the functional roles and cellular signaling mechanisms of IL-33 in the CNS and evaluate the potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals H2S-based therapies for ischaemic stroke: opportunities and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Jia ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jian Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Outcomes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease displaying high mortality and morbidity. Despite extensive efforts, only very few therapies are available for stroke patients as yet. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is thought to be a signalling molecule that is endogenously produced and plays functional roles in the central nervous system. Currently, numerous studies show that H2S impacts stroke outcomes in animal and cellular models. Here, we review the recent research regarding the effects of endogenously produced H2S as well as exogenous H2S donors on stroke pathology, focusing on the potential of H2S-based therapies in treating ischaemic stroke. We also discuss the several issues that hinder the clinical translation of H2S-based therapies from the bench. Taken together, we think that H2S-based therapies are promising strategies for treating cerebral ischaemia if we successfully address these issues.

Structure and Location of a Gabaa Receptor Complex in the Central Nervous System

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. MÖHler ◽  
P. Schoch ◽  
J. G. Richards ◽  
P. HÄRing ◽  
B. Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gabaa Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Gabaa Receptor Complex ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153601212092760
Author(s):  
Hamideh Zarrinmayeh ◽  
Paul R. Territo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
P2y Receptors ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine, P2X and P2Y receptors. During brain injury or under pathological conditions, rapid diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or uridine triphosphate (UTP) from the damaged cells, promote microglial activation that result in the changes in expression of several of these receptors in the brain. Imaging of the purinergic receptors with selective Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands has advanced our understanding of the functional roles of some of these receptors in healthy and diseased brains. In this review, we have accumulated a list of currently available PET radioligands of the purinergic receptors that are used to elucidate the receptor functions and participations in CNS disorders. We have also reviewed receptors lacking radiotracer, laying the foundation for future discoveries of novel PET radioligands to reveal these receptors roles in CNS disorders.

Surgical Endovascular Neuroradiology in the 21st Century: What Lies Ahead?

Neurosurgery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. S3-48-S3-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Endovascular Surgery ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract FEW COULD HAVE imagined the tremendous growth of endovascular surgery over the past 40 years. Endovascular therapy has greatly enhanced the care of the patient in neurosurgery, spine surgery, and head and neck surgery. Progress in technology and techniques continue to push forward the boundaries of what is deemed “treatable,” assuming acceptable risk. This article will briefly review the current state of endovascular surgery and speculate about what its role will be in the near and far future. Endovascular therapy provides a minimally invasive approach to the central nervous system and other systems via natural and, at times, highly selective pathways. Maximizing the accessibility of these routes to highly specific regions of the central nervous system provides an elegant and minimalist approach to treating diseases of the central nervous system with almost no “footprints” of ever having accessed the region. In the future, safe, efficient and intelligent delivery systems that may enhance or alter the tissue's response may result in successful treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, as well as other diseases of the craniospinal axis. The growth of nanotechnology, metallurgy, synthetic polymers, imaging, and training will all combine to help grow the technology and the science that is surgical endovascular neuroradiology.

Are There Parallel Channels in the Vestibular Nerve?

Physiology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellengene H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Primary Afferents ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Parallel Channels

A popular concept in neurobiology is that sensory information is transmitted to the central nervous system over parallel channels of neurons that play different functional roles. But alternative organizing schemes are possible, and it is useful to ask whether some other framework might better account for the diversity of vestibular primary afferents.

Inhibition of the complement anaphylatoxin activities in the central nervous system disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Kseniya A. Nekrasova ◽  
Alexander M. Ischenko ◽  
Alexander V. Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The review is devoted to inhibition of the complement anaphylatoxin activities in diseases of the central nervous system. Here we present epidemiological data on the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases, in particular, ischemic stroke and craniocerebral trauma. The mechanisms of complement activation and complement-mediated pathology in the central nervous system are considered in detail. Clinical data confirming the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of stroke and of traumatic brain injury secondary injury are presented. We also summarize the results of in vivo specific activity studies of the complement anaphylatoxin inhibitors using animal models of stroke and traumatic brain injury. Briefly described is the present state of the art in developing drugs that target the effector compounds of the complement cascade.

Adrenergic Pharmacology: Focus on the Central Nervous System

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 656-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre S. Pupo ◽  
Kenneth P. Minneman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sleep Arousal ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Subtype Selective ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTNorepinephrine and epinephrine are involved in the control of several important functions of the central nervous system (CNS), including sleep, arousal, mood, appetite, and autonomic outflow. Catecholamines control these functions through activation of a family of adrenergic receptors (ARs). The ARs are divided into three subfamilies (α1, α2, and β) based on their pharmacologic properties, signaling mechanisms, and structure. ARs in the CNS are targets for several therapeutic agents used in the treatment of depression, obesity, hypertension, and other diseases. Not much is known, however, about the role of specific AR sub-types in the actions of these drugs. In this paper, we provide an overview of adrenergic pharmacology in the CNS, focusing on the pharmacologic properties of subtype-selective AR agonists and antagonists, the accessibility of these drugs to the CNS, and the distribution of ARs in different areas of the brain.

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