scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Growth, Fitness and Survival of the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa under Different Food Availabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina V. Büscher ◽  
Armin U. Form ◽  
Ulf Riebesell
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Water Coral

scholarly journals Calcification of the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> under ambient and reduced pH

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1875-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maier ◽  
J. Hegeman ◽  
M. G. Weinbauer ◽  
J.-P. Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Temperate Coral ◽  
Water Coral ◽  
Coral Bioherms

Abstract. The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa is one of the few species able to build reef-like structures and a 3-dimensional coral framework in the deep oceans. Furthermore, deep cold-water coral bioherms are likely among the first marine ecosystems to be affected by ocean acidification. Colonies of L. pertusa were collected during a cruise in 2006 to cold-water coral bioherms of the Mingulay reef complex (Hebrides, North Atlantic). Calcium-45 labelling was conducted shortly after sample collection onboard. After this method proved to deliver reliable data, the same experimental approach was used to assess calcification rates and the effect of lowered pH during a~cruise to the Skagerrak (North Sea) in 2007. The highest calcification rates were found in youngest polyps with up to 1% d−1 new skeletal growth and average values of 0.11±0.02% d−1(±S.E.). Lowering the pH by 0.15 and 0.3 units relative to ambient pH resulted in a strong decrease in calcification by 30 and 56%, respectively. The effect of changes in pH on calcification was stronger for fast growing, young polyps (59% reduction) than for older polyps (40% reduction) which implies that skeletal growth of young and fast calcifying corallites will be influenced more negatively by ocean acidification. Nevertheless, L. pertusa revealed a positive net calcification (as indicated by 45Ca incorporation) at an aragonite saturation state (Ωa) below 1, which may indicate some adaptation to an environment that is already relatively low in Ωa compared to tropical or temperate coral bioherms.

scholarly journals Calcification of the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa,</i> under ambient and reduced pH

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1671-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maier ◽  
J. Hegeman ◽  
M. G. Weinbauer ◽  
J.-P. Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Water Coral ◽  
Coral Bioherms

Abstract. The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa is one of the few species able to build reef-like structures and a 3-dimensional coral framework in the deep oceans. Furthermore, deep cold-water coral bioherms may be among the first marine ecosystems to be affected by ocean acidification. Colonies of L. pertusa were collected during a cruise in 2006 to cold-water coral bioherms of the Mingulay reef complex (Hebrides, North Atlantic). Shortly after sample collection onboard these corals were labelled with calcium-45. The same experimental approach was used to assess calcification rates and how those changed due to reduced pH during a cruise to the Skagerrak (North Sea) in 2007. The highest calcification rates were found in youngest polyps with up to 1% d−1 new skeletal growth and average rates of 0.11±0.02% d−1±S.E.). Lowering pH by 0.15 and 0.3 units relative to the ambient level resulted in calcification being reduced by 30 and 56%. Lower pH reduced calcification more in fast growing, young polyps (59% reduction) than in older polyps (40% reduction). Thus skeletal growth of young and fast calcifying corallites suffered more from ocean acidification. Nevertheless, L. pertusa exhibited positive net calcification (as measured by 45Ca incorporation) even at an aragonite saturation state (Ωa) below 1.

scholarly journals Short-term metabolic and growth responses of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to ocean acidification

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Hennige ◽  
L.C. Wicks ◽  
N.A. Kamenos ◽  
D.C.E. Bakker ◽  
H.S. Findlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Coral

Predicting suitable habitat for the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia)

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Davies ◽  
Max Wisshak ◽  
James C. Orr ◽  
J. Murray Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Water Coral

scholarly journals <sup>210</sup>Pb-<sup>226</sup>Ra chronology reveals rapid growth rate of <i>Madrepora oculata</i> and <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> on world's largest cold-water coral reef

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sabatier ◽  
J.-L. Reyss ◽  
J. M. Hall-Spencer ◽  
C. Colin ◽  
N. Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Fe Oxide ◽  
Oxide Contamination ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. Here we show the use of the 210Pb-226Ra excess method to determine the growth rate of two corals from the world's largest known cold-water coral reef, Røst Reef, north of the Arctic circle off Norway. Colonies of each of the two species that build the reef, Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, were collected alive at 350 m depth using a submersible. Pb and Ra isotopes were measured along the major growth axis of both specimens using low level alpha and gamma spectrometry and trace element compositions were studied. 210Pb and 226Ra differ in the way they are incorporated into coral skeletons. Hence, to assess growth rates, we considered the exponential decrease of initially incorporated 210Pb, as well as the increase in 210Pb from the decay of 226Ra and contamination with 210Pb associated with Mn-Fe coatings that we were unable to remove completely from the oldest parts of the skeletons. 226Ra activity was similar in both coral species, so, assuming constant uptake of 210Pb through time, we used the 210Pb-226Ra chronology to calculate growth rates. The 45.5 cm long branch of M. oculata was 31 yr with an average linear growth rate of 14.4 ± 1.1 mm yr−1 (2.6 polyps per year). Despite cleaning, a correction for Mn-Fe oxide contamination was required for the oldest part of the colony; this correction corroborated our radiocarbon date of 40 yr and a mean growth rate of 2 polyps yr−1. This rate is similar to the one obtained in aquarium experiments under optimal growth conditions. For the 80 cm-long L. pertusa colony, metal-oxide contamination remained in both the middle and basal part of the coral skeleton despite cleaning, inhibiting similar age and growth rate estimates. The youngest part of the colony was free of metal oxides and this 15 cm section had an estimated a growth rate of 8 mm yr−1, with high uncertainty (~1 polyp every two to three years). We are less certain of this 210Pb growth rate estimate which is within the lowermost ranges of previous growth rate estimates. We show that 210Pb-226Ra dating can be successfully applied to determine the age and growth rate of framework-forming cold-water corals if Mn-Fe oxide deposits can be removed. Where metal oxides can be removed, large M. oculata and L. pertusa skeletons provide archives for studies of intermediate water masses with an up to annual time resolution and spanning over many decades.

scholarly journals Opportunistic feeding on various organic food sources by the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i>

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Mueller ◽  
A. I. Larsson ◽  
B. Veuger ◽  
J. J. Middelburg ◽  
D. van Oevelen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Opportunistic Feeding ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. The ability of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to exploit different food sources was investigated under standardized conditions in a flume. The tested food sources, dissolved organic matter (DOM, added as dissolved free amino acids), bacteria, algae, and zooplankton (Artemia) were deliberately enriched in 13C and 15N. The incorporation of 13C and 15N was traced into bulk tissue, fatty acids, hydrolysable amino acids, and the skeleton (13C only) of L. pertusa. Incorporation rates of carbon (ranging from 0.8–2.4 μg C g−1 DW d–1) and nitrogen (0.2–0.8 μg N g−1 DW d–1) into coral tissue did not differ significantly among food sources indicating an opportunistic feeding strategy. Although total food assimilation was comparable among sources, subsequent food processing was dependent on the type of food source ingested and recovery of assimilated C in tissue compounds ranged from 17% (algae) to 35% (Artemia). De novo synthesis of individual fatty acids by L. pertusa occurred in all treatments as indicated by the 13C enrichment of individual phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) in the coral that were absent in the added food sources. This indicates that the coral might be less dependent on its diet as a source of specific fatty acids than expected, with direct consequences for the interpretation of in situ observations on coral nutrition based on lipid profiles.

scholarly journals pH up-regulation as a potential mechanism for the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> to sustain growth in aragonite undersaturated conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 6869-6880 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wall ◽  
F. Ragazzola ◽  
L. C. Foster ◽  
A. Form ◽  
D. N. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. Cold-water corals are important habitat formers in deep-water ecosystems and at high latitudes. Ocean acidification and the resulting change in aragonite saturation are expected to affect these habitats and impact coral growth. Counter to expectations, the deep water coral Lophelia pertusa has been found to be able to sustain growth even in undersaturated conditions. However, it is important to know whether such undersaturation modifies the skeleton and thus its ecosystem functioning. Here we used Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography and Raman spectroscopy to examine changes in skeleton morphology and fibre orientation. We combined the morphological assessment with boron isotope analysis to determine if changes in growth are related to changes in control of calcification pH. We compared the isotopic composition and structure formed in their natural environment to material grown in culture at lower pH conditions. Skeletal morphology is highly variable but shows no distinctive differences between natural and low pH conditions. Raman investigations found no difference in macromorphological skeletal arrangement of early mineralization zones and secondary thickening between the treatments. The δ11B analyses show that L. pertusa up-regulates the internal calcifying fluid pH (pHcf) during calcification compared to ambient seawater pH and maintains a similar elevated pHcf at increased pCO2 conditions. We suggest that as long as the energy is available to sustain the up-regulation, i.e. individuals are well fed, there is no detrimental effect to the skeletal morphology.

scholarly journals Exceptional new fossil of Siphonophrentis gigantea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R McCall
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Stony Corals ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
The Family ◽  
Water Coral

Rugose Corals, often referred to as Horn Coral, are an extinct order of stony corals in the phylum Cnidaria. They lived from the Ordivician period to the end of the Permian period, and can be found worldwide. A new fossil of Siphonophrentis gigantea, a species of Rugosa in the family Streptelasmatidae, has been recovered from the Devonian strata of the Lucas Formation. The fossil gives clues towards the paleobiology of Siphonophrentis, revealing it to have likely anchored itself to the sea bed in the ocean depths. Siphonophrentis gigantea likely had no relationship with Zooxanthellae, a kind of Dinoflagellate that gives modern extant coral their colour and allows them to photosynthesize. These single celled organisms appear to be absent in Siphonophrentis, and it instead received nutrients from a rich amount of biological debris that fell into its habitat. Further comparisons can be made between Siphonophrentis and the extant, cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa.

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