scholarly journals Surface Metrology Principles for Snow and Ice Friction Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Ice Friction ◽  
Geometric Methods ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Slider Surface ◽  
Surface Topographies ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Snow And Ice

Recent advances in surface metrology science are applied to understanding friction with snow and ice. Conventional surface metrology’s measurement, analyses, and characterizations, have inherent limitations for elucidating tribological interactions. Strong functional correlations and confident discriminations with slider surface topographies, textures, or “roughness”, have largely eluded researchers using conventional methods. Building on 4 decades of research using multiscale geometric methods, two surface metrology axioms and corollaries are proposed with good potential to provide new technological insights.

scholarly journals Advances in heavy metal removal by sulfate-reducing bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Nan Xu ◽  
Yinguang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Abstract Industrial development has led to generation of large volumes of wastewater containing heavy metals, which need to be removed before the wastewater is released into the environment. Chemical and electrochemical methods are traditionally applied to treat this type of wastewater. These conventional methods have several shortcomings, such as secondary pollution and cost. Bioprocesses are gradually gaining popularity because of their high selectivities, low costs, and reduced environmental pollution. Removal of heavy metals by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is an economical and effective alternative to conventional methods. The limitations of and advances in SRB activity have not been comprehensively reviewed. In this paper, recent advances from laboratory studies in heavy metal removal by SRB were reported. Firstly, the mechanism of heavy metal removal by SRB is introduced. Then, the factors affecting microbial activity and metal removal efficiency are elucidated and discussed in detail. In addition, recent advances in selection of an electron donor, enhancement of SRB activity, and improvement of SRB tolerance to heavy metals are reviewed. Furthermore, key points for future studies of the SRB process are proposed.

Recent advances on the use of natural and safe alternatives to conventional methods to control postharvest gray mold of table grapes

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Romanazzi ◽  
Amnon Lichter ◽  
Franka Mlikota Gabler ◽  
Joseph L. Smilanick
Keyword(s):  
Gray Mold ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Conventional Methods

Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Free Aryl C–B Bond Formation

Synthesis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (21) ◽  
pp. 4719-4730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Meng ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Linghua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Organometallic Reagents ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Arylboronic Acids ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Conventional Methods

Arylboronic acids and their derivatives are widely used in organic synthesis. Conventional methods for their preparation require either reactive organometallic reagents or transition-metal-mediated processes. In recent years, transition-metal-free reactions for aryl C–B bond formation that obviate preformed organometallic reagents have gained interest and have developed rapidly. These new reactions have shown significant advantages for the preparation of functionalized molecules. In this review, an overview of the recent advances in transition-metal-free aromatic borylation reactions is provided.1 Introduction2 Transition-Metal-Free Transformations of CAr–N Bonds to CAr–B Bonds3 Transition-Metal-Free Transformations of CAr–X Bonds to CAr–B Bonds4 Transition-Metal-Free Transformations of CAr–H Bonds to CAr–B Bonds5 Conclusion

Shear cell experiments of snow and ice friction

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3745-3756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Casassa ◽  
Hideki Narita ◽  
Norikazu Maeno
Keyword(s):  
Shear Cell ◽  
Ice Friction ◽  
Snow And Ice

Methods of Analysis for the Caribbean Region

1946 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Riehl ◽  
Elmer Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Meteorology ◽  
Level Surface ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Pressure Changes

A revised method for tropical analysis is proposed that permits a greater utilization of recent advances in tropical meteorology than is possible with conventional methods. It is suggested that the surface map be replaced with a “basic chart” which contains wind reports from an upper level, surface 24-hour pressure changes, and cloud and weather reports. Plotting and analysis methods for this chart are discussed. Finally, a survey is given of auxiliary charts and diagrams considered useful for tropical analysis.

scholarly journals Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumrita Bhat ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Conventional Methods

ABSTRACT Limitations with the conventional methods have bought biomaterials to the forefront for the repair and restoration of tissue functions. Recent advances in the area of biomaterials have revolutionized the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. According to the nature of polymers they are divided into different classes and each one has found applicability in the area of regenerative medicine. Each class of biomaterials has a set of properties which makes them appropriate for a specific application. The most important property is the behavior of biomaterials when implanted in vivo. It should not elicit any immune rejection reactions neither should its byproducts be toxic to animal tissue. Any type of the biomaterial can be fabricated into a three-dimensional scaffold which can be used as housing for the initial growth and proliferation of the specific cell type. In addition to the conventional methods of scaffold fabrication few contemporary methods include ‘hydrogels’ and ‘cryogels’. These matrices possess interconnected porous network which facilitates the cell migration and proliferation. These gel matrices can be fabricated from both natural and synthetic polymers and have shown applicability in different areas of tissue engineering. Biomaterials have shown applicability as cardiovascular implants, orthopedic implants, dental implants, etc. Furthermore, recent advances in the regenerative medicine have shown that in addition to the use of autologous and allogenic sources, stem cells can prove to be a very good alternative. Stem cells interaction with biomaterials has shown applicability in the regenerative medicine and thus can have an immense potential in future. How to cite this article Bhat S, Kumar A. Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(2):81-89.

Recent Advances on Metal Oxide-Based Luminescence Thermometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Jahanbazi ◽  
Yuanbing Mao
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Thermal Sensing ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Luminescence Thermometry

Luminescence thermometry alleviates the difficulties associated with conventional methods for thermal sensing and provides outstanding opportunities for non-contact thermometry with high sensitivity and resolution. Among various luminescence thermometry probes, doped...

Recent Advances in High Dispersion Spectroscopy of Globular Cluster Stars

1988 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
Raffaele G. Gratton
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Photographic Material ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Metal Abundances ◽  
Ccd Detectors ◽  
Major Progress

The use CCD detectors has allowed a major progress in abundance derivations for globular cluster stars in the last years. Abundances deduced from high dispersion spectra now correlates well with other abundance indicators. I discuss some problems concerning the derivation of accurate metal abundances for globular clusters using high dispersion spectra from both the old photographic and the most recent CCD data. The discrepant low abundances found by Cohen (1980), from photographic material for M71 giants, are found to be due to the use of too high microturbulences.

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