scholarly journals Association Between Air Pollution and Lung Lobar Emphysema in COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Tung ◽  
Shu-Chuan Ho ◽  
Yueh-Hsun Lu ◽  
Tzu-Tao Chen ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Emphysema Severity ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Pollution Exposure

The development of emphysema has been linked to air pollution; however, the association of air pollution with the extent of lobar emphysema remains unclear. This study examined the association of particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameters (PM2.5) (≤2.5 μm), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) level of exposure with the presence of emphysema in 86 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exposure to the air pollution estimated using the land-use regression model was associated with lung function, BODE (a body mass index, degree of obstruction, dyspnea severity, and exercise capacity index) quartiles, and emphysema measured as low-attenuation areas on high-resolution CT (HR-CT) lung scans. Using paraseptal emphysema as the reference group, we observed that a 1 ppb increase in O3 was associated with a 1.798-fold increased crude odds ratio of panlobular emphysema (p < 0.05). We observed that PM2.5 was associated with BODE quartiles, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score, and exercise capacity (all p < 0.05). We found that PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were associated with an increased degree of upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe emphysema (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed that an increase in PM2.5, NO2, and O3 was associated with greater increases in upper lobe emphysema than in lower lobe emphysema. In conclusion, exposure to O3 can be associated with a higher risk of panlobular emphysema than paraseptal emphysema in patients with COPD. Emphysema severity in lung lobes, especially the upper lobes, may be linked to air pollution exposure in COPD.

scholarly journals Air pollution exposure—the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel-Petrică Bălă ◽  
Ruxandra-Mioara Râjnoveanu ◽  
Emanuela Tudorache ◽  
Radu Motișan ◽  
Cristian Oancea
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pollution Exposure

AbstractThere is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are constantly being reported in the literature. The goal of our review was to summarize the most important air pollutants and their impact on the main respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis) to reduce both short- and the long-term exposure consequences. We considered the most important air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, ozone, particulate matter and biomass smoke, and observed their impact on pulmonary pathologies. We focused on respiratory pathologies, because air pollution potentiates the increase in respiratory diseases, and the evidence that air pollutants have a detrimental effect is growing. It is imperative to constantly improve policy initiatives on air quality in both high- and low-income countries.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Exposure as a Relevant Risk Factor for COPD Exacerbations in Male and Female Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Enrique Silva Rodriguez ◽  
Patricia Silveyra
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Relevant Risk Factor ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifactorial lung inflammatory disease affecting 174 million people worldwide, with a recently reported increased incidence in female patients. Patients with COPD are especially vulnerable to the detrimental effects of environmental exposures, especially from air particulate and gaseous pollutants. Exposure to air pollution severely influences COPD outcomes, resulting in acute exacerbations, hospitalizations, and death. In the current study, we conducted a review of the literature addressing air pollution induced acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) in order to determine whether air pollution affects COPD patients in a sex-specific manner. We found that while the majority of studies enrolled both male and female patients, only a few reported results disaggregated by sex. Most studies had a higher enrollment of male patients, only four compared AECOPD outcomes between sexes, and only one study identified sex differences in AECOPD, with females displaying higher rates. Overall, our analysis of the literature confirmed that air pollution exposure is a trigger for AECOPD hospitalizations and revealed a significant gap in our knowledge of sex-specific effects of air pollutants on COPD outcomes, highlighting the need for more studies considering sex as a biological variable.

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