scholarly journals Calomys callosus chronically infected by Toxoplasma gondii clonal type II strain and reinfected by Brazilian strains is not able to prevent vertical transmission

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila S. Franco ◽  
Neide M. da Silva ◽  
Bellisa de Freitas Barbosa ◽  
Angelica de Oliveira Gomes ◽  
Francesca Ietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Calomys Callosus

scholarly journals Evaluation of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Calomys callosus model after reinfection with heterologous and virulent strain

Placenta ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Franco ◽  
D.A.O. Silva ◽  
I.N. Costa ◽  
A.O. Gomes ◽  
A.L.N. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Calomys Callosus

scholarly journals Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Spanish sheep flocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Fernández-Escobar ◽  
Rafael Calero-Bernal ◽  
Julio Benavides ◽  
Javier Regidor-Cerrillo ◽  
María Cristina Guerrero-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Zoonotic Risk

Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of abortion in small ruminants and presents a zoonotic risk when undercooked meat containing cysts is consumed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity among the T. gondii strains circulating in ovine livestock in Spain. Methods Selected samples collected from abortion outbreaks due to toxoplasmosis (n = 31) and from chronically infected adult sheep at slaughterhouses (n = 50) in different Spanish regions were bioassayed in mice, aiming at parasite isolation. In addition, all original clinical samples and the resulting isolates were genotyped by multi-nested PCR-RFLP analysis of 11 molecular markers and by PCR-DNA sequencing of portions of the SAG3, GRA6 and GRA7 genes. Results As a result, 30 isolates were obtained from 9 Spanish regions: 10 isolates from abortion-derived samples and 20 isolates from adult myocardial tissues. Overall, 3 genotypes were found: ToxoDB#3 (type II PRU variant) in 90% (27/30) of isolates, ToxoDB#2 (clonal type III) in 6.7% (2/30), and ToxoDB#1 (clonal type II) in 3.3% (1/30). When T. gondii-positive tissue samples (n = 151) were directly subjected to RFLP genotyping, complete restriction profiles were obtained for 33% of samples, and up to 98% of the specimens belonged to the type II PRU variant. A foetal brain showed a clonal type II pattern, and four specimens showed unexpected type I alleles at the SAG3 marker, including two foetal brains that showed I + II alleles as co-infection events. Amplicons of SAG3, GRA6 and GRA7 obtained from isolates and clinical samples were subjected to sequencing, allowing us to confirm RFLP results and to detect different single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusions The present study informed the existence of a predominant type II PRU variant genotype (ToxoDB#3) infecting domestic sheep in Spain, in both abortion cases and chronic infections in adults, coexisting with other clonal (ToxoDB#1 and ToxoDB#2), much less frequent genotypes, as well as polymorphic strains as revealed by clinical sample genotyping. The use of multilocus sequence typing aided in accurately estimating T. gondii intragenotype diversity.

Susceptibility to Vertical Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii is Temporally Dependent on the Preconceptional Infection in Calomys callosus

Placenta ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.F. Barbosa ◽  
D.A.O. Silva ◽  
I.N. Costa ◽  
J.D.O. Pena ◽  
J.R. Mineo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Calomys Callosus

Direct high-resolution genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the remote arctic Svalbard archipelago reveals widespread clonal Type II lineage

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Wear Prestrud ◽  
Kjetil Åsbakk ◽  
Torill Mørk ◽  
Eva Fuglei ◽  
Morten Tryland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Vulpes Lagopus ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Arctic Foxes

scholarly journals Azithromycin Inhibits Vertical Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Calomys callosus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Placenta ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 884-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Costa ◽  
M.B. Angeloni ◽  
L.A. Santana ◽  
B.F. Barbosa ◽  
M.C.P. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Calomys Callosus

scholarly journals Comprehensive Characterization of Toxoplasma Acyl Coenzyme A-Binding Protein TgACBP2 and Its Critical Role in Parasite Cardiolipin Metabolism

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Fu ◽  
Xia Cui ◽  
Sai Fan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Ankyrin Repeat ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High K ◽  
Acyl Coenzyme A

ABSTRACT Acyl coenzyme A (CoA)-binding protein (ACBP) can bind acyl-CoAs with high specificity and affinity, thus playing multiple roles in cellular functions. Mitochondria of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii have emerged as key organelles for lipid metabolism and signaling transduction. However, the rationale for how this parasite utilizes acyl-CoA-binding protein to regulate mitochondrial lipid metabolism remains unclear. Here, we show that an ankyrin repeat-containing protein, TgACBP2, is localized to mitochondria and displays active acyl-CoA-binding activities. Dephosphorylation of TgACBP2 is associated with relocation from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria under conditions of regulation of environmental [K+]. Under high [K+] conditions, loss of ACBP2 induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis-like cell death. Disruption of ACBP2 caused growth and virulence defects in the type II strain but not in type I parasites. Interestingly, mitochondrial association factor-1 (MAF1)-mediated host mitochondrial association (HMA) restored the growth ability of ACBP2-deficient type II parasites. Lipidomics analysis indicated that ACBP2 plays key roles in the cardiolipin metabolism of type II parasites and that MAF1 expression complemented the lipid metabolism defects of ACBP2-deficient type II parasites. In addition, disruption of ACBP2 caused attenuated virulence of Prugniuad (Pru) parasites for mice. Taking the results collectively, these data indicate that ACBP2 is critical for the growth and virulence of type II parasites and for the growth of type I parasites under high [K+] conditions. IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful human parasites, infecting nearly one-third of the total world population. T. gondii tachyzoites residing within parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) can acquire fatty acids both via salvage from host cells and via de novo synthesis pathways for membrane biogenesis. However, although fatty acid fluxes are known to exist in this parasite, how fatty acids flow through Toxoplasma lipid metabolic organelles, especially mitochondria, remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Toxoplasma expresses an active ankyrin repeat containing protein TgACBP2 to coordinate cardiolipin metabolism. Specifically, HMA acquisition resulting from heterologous functional expression of MAF1 rescued growth and lipid metabolism defects in ACBP2-deficient type II parasites, manifesting the complementary role of host mitochondria in parasite cardiolipin metabolism. This work highlights the importance of TgACBP2 in parasite cardiolipin metabolism and provides evidence for metabolic association of host mitochondria with T. gondii.

Evidence of the three main clonalToxoplasma gondiilineages from wild mammalian carnivores in the UK

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (14) ◽  
pp. 1768-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BURRELLS ◽  
P. M. BARTLEY ◽  
I. A. ZIMMER ◽  
S. ROY ◽  
A. C. KITCHENER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiiis a zoonotic pathogen defined by three main clonal lineages (types I, II, III), of which type II is most common in Europe. Very few data exist on the prevalence and genotypes ofT. gondiiin the UK. Wildlife can act as sentinel species forT. gondiigenotypes present in the environment, which may subsequently be transmitted to livestock and humans. DNA was extracted from tissue samples of wild British carnivores, including 99 ferrets, 83 red foxes, 70 polecats, 65 mink, 64 badgers and 9 stoats. Parasite DNA was detected using a nested ITS1 PCR specific forT. gondii, PCR positive samples were subsequently genotyped using five PCR–RFLP markers.Toxoplasma gondiiDNA was detected within all these mammal species and prevalence varied from 6·0 to 44·4% depending on the host. PCR–RFLP genotyping identified type II as the predominant lineage, but type III and type I alleles were also identified. No atypical or mixed genotypes were identified within these animals. This study demonstrates the presence of alleles for all three clonal lineages with potential for transmission to cats and livestock. This is the first DNA-based study ofT. gondiiprevalence and genotypes across a broad range of wild British carnivores.

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