Relative Abundance and Diversity of Bacterial Methanotrophs at the Oxic–Anoxic Interface of the Congo Deep-Sea Fan

AbstractThe Voirons Flysch (Caron in Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 69:297–308, 1976), is a flysch sequence aggregated into the sedimentary accretionary prism of the Chablais and Swiss Prealps. Its palaeogeographic location is still debated (South Piemont or Valais realm). We herein present a stratigraphic revision of the westernmost unit of the former Gurnigel Nappe sensu Caron (Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 69:297–308, 1976): the Voirons Flysch. This flysch is subdivided into three lithostratigraphic units at the formation level (the Voirons Sandstone, the Vouan Conglomerate, the Boëge Marl), with an additional unit (Bruant Sandstone) of uncertain attribution, ranging from the early Eocene to probably the late Eocene. We further propose a new model of the depositional setting of the deep-sea of the Voirons Flysch based on palaeocurrent directions, the overall geometry and sedimentary features. This model depicts an eastward deflected deep-sea fan. The stratigraphic record of the proximal part of this fan is fairly complete in the Voirons area, whereas its most distal part is only represented by one small exposure of thinly bedded sandstones in the Fenalet quarry. The stratigraphic evolution of the Voirons Flysch shows two major disruptions of the detrital sedimentation at the transition between Voirons Sandstone—Vouan Conglomerate and Vouan Conglomerate—Boëge Marl. The cause of these disturbances has to be constrained in the framework of the palaeogeographic location of the Voirons Flysch.

Download Full-text

Dynamics of Diversity and Abundance of Sulfonamide Resistant Bacteria in a Silt Loam Soil Fertilized by Compost

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 699

Author(s):

Hui Han ◽

Mohan Bai ◽

Yanting Chen ◽

Yali Gong ◽

Ming Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Soil Bacterial Communities ◽

Sulfonamide Resistance ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Sulfonamide Resistance Genes

Although composting is effective in deactivating antibiotic substances in manure, the influence of compost fertilization on the occurrence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in arable soils remains to be controversial. Herein, the abundance and diversity of two sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in soil fertilized by compost spiked with two concentrations of sulfadiazine (1 and 10 mg kg−1) were studied intensively by qPCR and high throughput sequencing based on a two-month microcosm experiment. The concentration of sulfadiazine decreased rapidly after spiking from 25% at Day 1 to less than 2.7% at Day 60. Relative abundance of both sul1 and sul2 were significantly higher in soil amended with compost than the non-amended control at Day 1 and slightly decreased with incubation time except for sul2 in the S10 treatment. Soil bacterial communities were transiently shifted by compost fertilization regardless of the presence of sulfadiazine. Relative abundance of genera in three hubs positively interlinked with sul1 and sul2 were significantly higher in compost treated soil than the control at Day 1, 7 and 21, but not at Day 60. High throughput sequencing analyses revealed that most detected (>67% in relative abundance) sul1 and sul2 genotypes sharing >99% similarity with those found in gammaproteobacterial pathogens frequently were commonly present in compost and soil. These results indicated that compost fertilization might increase the abundance rather than diversity of sulfadiazine-resistant populations in soil, which may be facilitated by the presence of sulfadiazine.

Download Full-text

Breach of Treaties in the Ancient Near East

Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d histoire du droit international ◽

10.1163/15718050-12340083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 31-56

Author(s):

Gábor Sulyok

Keyword(s):

Old Testament ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Near East ◽

Ancient Near East ◽

Persistent Problem ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Insight Into

AbstractThe history of the breach of treaties can be traced back to the ancient Near East. The relative abundance and diversity of contemporary sources attest that the breaking of treaty obligations must have been a rather persistent problem, and that such occurrences were regarded as events of utmost importance throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages. The present study strives to demonstrate how peoples of old may have perceived and reacted to the breach of treaties on the basis of selected writings—the Legend of Etana, the Indictment of Madduwatta, the Indictment of Mita, the plague prayers of Mursili and the Old Testament—that provide, beyond the exposition of actual or alleged facts, a deeper insight into the psychological and procedural aspects of the subject.

Download Full-text

The ancestral Mississippi drainage archived in the late Wisconsin Mississippi deep-sea fan

Geology ◽

10.1130/g37657.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 479-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

A. Fildani ◽

M.P. McKay ◽

D. Stockli ◽

J. Clark ◽

M.L. Dykstra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Sea Fan

Download Full-text

Cartographic analysis of the central zone of the Cap Ferret deep sea fan: morpho-dynamic interpretation

Deep Sea Research Part B Oceanographic Literature Review ◽

10.1016/0198-0254(83)90094-8 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 448

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Central Zone ◽

Dynamic Interpretation ◽

Sea Fan

Download Full-text

Two new species of Cossura (Cossuridae, Annelida) from the terminal lobes of the Congo River deep-sea fan

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315417000066 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 97 (5) ◽

pp. 881-888

Author(s):

Anna Zhadan

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Anterior Margin ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Entire Body ◽

Congo River ◽

Two New Species ◽

Dark Pigmentation ◽

Sea Fan ◽

Scanning Electron

Two new species of Cossura Webster & Benedict, 1887 were found in material collected during sampling from the terminal lobes of the Congo deep-sea fan. They were described using light and scanning electron microscopy. Cossura platypus sp. nov. has 15–17 thoracic chaetigers, a prostomium longer than it is wide, with a widely rounded anterior margin, an abruptly expanded posterior prostomial ring the same length as the peristomium, without a mid-ventral notch, a branchial filament attached to the midlength of chaetiger 3, and a pygidium with three anal cirri. Cossura platypus sp. nov. is similar to C. brunnea Fauchald, 1972 but differs in the shape of the prostomium, which is widely rounded anteriorly in C. platypus sp. nov. and is broadly triangular in C. brunnea; furthermore, C. platypus sp. nov.is uniformly pale, whereas C. brunnea has dark pigmentation. Cossura candida Hartman, 1955 differs from C. platypus sp. nov. in the conical shape of the prostomium and 24–35 thoracic chaetigers. Cossura flabelligera sp. nov. has 16–19 thoracic chaetigers, a conical prostomium, and a branchial filament arising from the posterior part of chaetiger 2; the entire body, including the chaetae, is covered by a thick mucous sheath similar to the tunic of flabelligerids. Cossura flabelligera sp. nov. resembles C. longocirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887 in the position of the branchial filament, the shape of the prostomium, and the number of thoracic chaetigers; it differs in having a thick mucous sheath. This character seems to be unique for the Cossuridae.

Download Full-text