scholarly journals Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Enhances the Adherence of Pasteurella multocida to Bovine Lower Respiratory Tract Epithelial Cells by Upregulating the Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Eka Sudaryatma ◽  
Akatsuki Saito ◽  
Hirohisa Mekata ◽  
Meiko Kubo ◽  
Watcharapong Fahkrajang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor Receptor ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Sites of Replication of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Naturally Infected Calves as Determined by In Situ Hybridization

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Viuff ◽  
Å. Uttenthal ◽  
C. Tegtmeier ◽  
S. Alexandersen
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Rna Probes ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was studied in three naturally infected calves by in situ hybridization using strand-specific RNA probes. One of the calves was a 5-month-old Friesian, the other two calves were a 3-month-old and a 3-week-old Jersey. Two Jersey calves, 3 months and 3 weeks of age, served as controls. Replication of BRSV took place in the luminal lining of the respiratory tract. In one of the BRSV infected animals (calf No. 1), replication was especially seen in the bronchi, whereas in the two other animals (calf Nos. 2 and 3) replication of BRSV was demonstrated in the bronchiolar epithelial cells and in alveolar cells. Syncytia were often observed in the bronchiolar walls and in alveoli and such syncytia were always replicating BRSV. By immunohistochemistry it was possible to demonstrate BRSV antigen at the same location as replication of BRSV was detected. In tissue outside the respiratory tract neither BRSV antigen nor replication of BRSV could be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica by immunohistochemical method in naturally-infected cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turan Yaman ◽  
Hüseyin Büyükbayram ◽  
Zafer Özyıldız ◽  
Funda Terzi ◽  
Ahmet Uyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Streptavidin Peroxidase ◽  
Neutral Formalin ◽  
Dual Infections

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on Pasteurella spp. infection in naturally-induced pneumonia in cattle by immunohistochemical labelling.Material and Methods: Lungs of cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouse were examined macroscopically, and 100 pneumonic samples were taken. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin by routine methods. Sections 5 μm in thickness were cut. The streptavidin-peroxidase method (ABC) was used to stain the sections for immuno-histochemical examination.Results: BRSV antigens were found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoles and within inflammatory cell debris and inflammatory exudate in bronchial lumens. Pasteurella spp. antigens were detected in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of bronchi and bronchioles, and in cells in the lumens of bronchi and bronchioles. Eleven cases were positive for only one pathogen (six for BRSV and five for Pasteurella spp.), while 35 cases were positive for 2 pathogens: BRSV plus P. multocida (n = 21) or M. haemolytica (n = 14).Conclusion: The presence of high levels of BRSV in dual infections indicates that BSRV may be the main pneumonia-inducing agent and an important predisposing factor for the formation of Pasteurella spp. infections in cattle naturally afflicted with pneumonia.

scholarly journals In SilicoApproach towards Designing Virtual Oligopeptides for HRSV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Jain ◽  
Shanmughavel Piramanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infants And Young Children

HRSV (human respiratory syncytial virus) is a serious cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. Designing inhibitors from the proteins involved in virus replication and infection process provides target for new therapeutic treatments. In the present study,in silicodocking was performed using motavizumab as a template to design motavizumab derived oligopeptides for developing novel anti-HRSV agents. Additional simulations were conducted to study the conformational propensities of the oligopeptides and confirmed the hypothesis that the designed oligopeptide is highly flexible and capable of assuming stable confirmation. Our study demonstrated the best specific interaction of GEKKLVEAPKS oligopeptide for glycoprotein strain A among various screened oligopeptides. Encouraged by the results, we expect that the proposed scheme will provide rational choices for antibody reengineering which is useful for systematically identifying the possible ways to improve efficacy of existing antibody drugs.

scholarly journals Effect of Zinc Salts on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahaman O. Suara ◽  
James E. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Zinc Salts ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Zinc supplementation decreases the morbidity of lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients in the developing world. We sought to determine if zinc mediates a specific inhibitory effect against the major cause of pediatric lower respiratory tract disease, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We determined the in vitro inhibitory effect of three zinc salts (zinc acetate, lactate, and sulfate) on the replication of RSV at various concentrations of 10 and 1 mM and 100 and 10 μM. The degree of inhibition of RSV replication was examined in the presence of zinc during preincubation, adsorption, or penetration and was compared with that caused by salts of other divalent cations. Complete inhibition of RSV plaque formation was observed at 1 and 10 mM, representing reductions that were ≥106-fold. At the lowest concentration tested, 10 μM, we observed ≥1,000-fold reductions in RSV yield when zinc was present during preincubation, adsorption, penetration, or egress of virus. The therapeutic indices, determined as ratios of 50% toxicity concentration to 50% inhibitory concentration, were 100, 150, and 120 for zinc acetate, zinc lactate, and zinc sulfate, respectively. The inhibitory effect of zinc salts on RSV was concentration dependent and was not observed with other salts containing divalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, and manganese. RSV plaque formation was prevented by pretreatment of HEp-2 cell monolayer cultures with zinc or by addition of zinc to methylcellulose overlay media after infection. The results of this study suggest that zinc mediates antiviral activity on RSV by altering the ability of the cell to support RSV replication.

Reappraisal of respiratory syncytial virus as an aetiology of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Damilola M Oladele ◽  
Dimeji P Oladele ◽  
Rasheedat M Ibraheem ◽  
Mohammed B Abdulkadir ◽  
Rasaki Adewole Raheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) especially severe ALRIs, constitute a global high burden of morbidity and mortality in children <5 y of age and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been documented to a play a major aetiological role. However, Nigerian reports on severe childhood RSV ALRIs are rare and most reports are old. With recent advances in RSV preventive strategy, arises the need for a recent appraisal of RSV infection in children with severe ALRI. The current study thus set out to determine the prevalence of RSV infection among hospitalized children <5 y of age and describe the related social determinants. Methods We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over 1 y of 120 children, ages 2–59 months, diagnosed with ALRI. Relevant data were obtained and an antigen detection assay was used for viral studies. Results The prevalence of RSV infection was 34.2% and its peak was in the rainy months. The proportion of infants in the RSV-positive group was significantly higher than that in the RSV-negative group (82.9% vs 54.4%; p=0.002). These findings were largely consistent with those of earlier reports. Conclusions RSV has remained a common cause of severe ALRI in infants, especially during the rainy months in Nigeria. It is thus suggested that more effort be focused towards implementing the current global recommendations for the prevention of RSV-associated LRI, particularly in infants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document