scholarly journals Dysbiosis in the Dead: Human Postmortem Microbiome Beta-Dispersion as an Indicator of Manner and Cause of Death

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra F. Kaszubinski ◽  
Jennifer L. Pechal ◽  
Katelyn Smiles ◽  
Carl J. Schmidt ◽  
Heather R. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
The Dead

scholarly journals Dealing with the Dead and Wounded: Field Medicine and the American Civil War

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Marc Thivierge
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
American Civil War ◽  
Union Army ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
American Medicine ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Fundamental Shift

An analysis of the developments of field medicine during the American Civil War (1861-1865), focusing mainly on the Union Army. Disease was the largest cause of death during the war and had a more profound effects on its outcome that many of the battles themselves, representing more than two thirds of all deaths over the course of the war. This essay examines the watershed moment in American medicine that the Civil War represented and how changes in medicine were brought about and enacted, paying close attention to the development of medical infrastructure, competency, and efficiency, both during and after the war and how these factors would lead to a fundamental shift in medicine.

Scottish Gravestones in Ceylon in Comparative Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-126
Author(s):  
Angela McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Ethnic Origins

In the nineteenth century, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) was acclaimed as a ‘Scotch’ colony due especially to Scottish influence in the coffee and tea enterprises. Yet if Scottish ethnicity was hailed for economic prowess on the island, signs of origin were far less likely to feature on migrant headstones. Instead, noting occupation and cause of death were more prevalent ways of commemorating the deceased. What though, explains the general absence of Scottish ethnicity on Ceylon death markers and do they resemble the general disinterest in remembering the ethnic origins of the dead of various other national groups in Ceylon? How did such headstones compare with their compatriots in Australasia? This chapter draws on research emanating from several cemeteries in Ceylon to explore reasons for the presence and absence of ethnicity on the gravestones.

scholarly journals Gambaran pemeriksaan gigi untuk identifikasi korban meninggal di Bagian Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2010 – 2015

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius F. Tandaju ◽  
James Siwu ◽  
Bernart S. P. Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Organic Tissue

Abstract: Recently, there were many disasters that led to large numbers of human victims. Identification is important not only to analyze the cause of death, but also to provide psychological tranquility for the families with certainty of the victim identity. Tooth is resistant to high temperature due to its less organic tissue, therefore, it is very helpful in the identification of the victim on fire. Dental examination is an accurate and easily done method for the identification of a dead victim. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of dental examination in the identification of the dead victims at the Forensic and Medicolegal Department, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado, from 2010 through 2015. This was a retrospective study. The result showed that there were 378 deaths in that period. There were 8 dead victims with dental examination; one of them had no identity. Conclusion: Most dead victims with dental examination at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado had their identities.Keywords: identification of dead bodies, tooth examinationAbstrak: Beberapa tahun terakhir ini banyak kejadian bencana yang menyebabkan jumlah korban manusia yang besar. Proses identifikasi menjadi penting bukan hanya untuk menganalisis penyebab suatu kematian, namun juga upaya untuk memberikan ketenangan psikologis pada keluarga dengan adanya kepastian identitas korban. Gigi memiliki ketahanan terhadap temperatur yang tinggi sehingga sangat bermanfaat dalam identifikasi pada korban terbakar. Hal ini disebabkan sedikitnya jaringan organik yang dikandungnya. Pemeriksaan gigi dalam pengenalan jenazah merupakan metode yang akurat dan mudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemeriksaan gigi untuk identifikasi korban meninggal di Bagian Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode tahun 2010-2015. Jenis penelitian ini ialah retrospektif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan data 378 korban meninggal yang masuk di Bagian Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada tahun 2010-2015. Terdapat 8 korban meninggal dengan pemeriksaan gigi; 1 korban tidak memiliki identitas. Simpulan: Sebagian besar korban meninggal dengan pemeriksaan gigi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado memiliki identitas.Kata kunci: identifikasi jenazah, pemeriksaan gigi

scholarly journals The Dead Detainee: The Autopsy in Cases of Torture

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-352
Author(s):  
Michael S. Pollanen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Dead

The fatal maltreatment of people that are detained against their will, such as political prisoners and suspected terrorists, can occur in unstable countries. The death of such detainees is often controversial and debated in the media, legal tribunals, and communities. Therefore, there is a need for nonpartisan information about the cause of death of prisoners due to the implications that the data may have about a conclusion that human rights were abused. Autopsies are the only scientific way to prove the cause of death of detainees and to ascertain the truth behind how injuries may have occurred. On this basis, all forensic pathologists ought to be able to interpret the basic injury patterns commonly encountered in torture. The injuries are similar to those found in child abuse, but also include trauma from suspension and “homicide by heart attack” during interrogation. This paper will review the postmortem findings in cases of torture.

Wiser Reasoning and Less Disgust Have the Potential to Better Achieve Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chao S. Hu ◽  
Jiajia Ji ◽  
Jinhao Huang ◽  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Dong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Prevention Techniques

Abstract. Background: High school and university teachers need to advise students against attempting suicide, the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. Aims: To investigate the role of reasoning and emotion in advising against suicide. Method: We conducted a study with 130 students at a university that specializes in teachers' education. Participants sat in front of a camera, videotaping their advising against suicide. Three raters scored their transcribed advice on "wise reasoning" (i.e., expert forms of reasoning: considering a variety of conditions, awareness of the limitation of one's knowledge, taking others' perspectives). Four registered psychologists experienced in suicide prevention techniques rated the transcripts on the potential for suicide prevention. Finally, using the software Facereader 7.1, we analyzed participants' micro-facial expressions during advice-giving. Results: Wiser reasoning and less disgust predicted higher potential for suicide prevention. Moreover, higher potential for suicide prevention was associated with more surprise. Limitations: The actual efficacy of suicide prevention was not assessed. Conclusion: Wise reasoning and counter-stereotypic ideas that trigger surprise probably contribute to the potential for suicide prevention. This advising paradigm may help train teachers in advising students against suicide, measuring wise reasoning, and monitoring a harmful emotional reaction, that is, disgust.

Child and Adolescent Suicide Deaths in New Mexico, 1990-1994

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Werenko ◽  
LM Olson ◽  
L Fullerton-Gleason ◽  
AW Lynch ◽  
RE Zumwalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Youth Activity

The suicide death rate in New Mexico is consistently higher than the national rate. Among adolescents, suicide is the third leading cause of death nationally, but in New Mexico it is the second leading cause of death. This study describes the pattern of adolescent suicide deaths in New Mexico. We conducted a retrospective review of all medical examiner autopsies for adolescent suicides (ages 20 years and younger) in New Mexico from 1990-1994. Records were reviewed for demographics and possible contributing factors such as depression, previous attempts, and alcohol and drug use. We identified 184 suicide deaths among children and adolescents ages 9-20 years for an overall rate of 12.9 per 100,000. Our rates for ages 5-9 years (0.2), 10-14 years (3.8), and 15-19 years (22.3) are over twice the U.S. rates. Suicide deaths resulted primarily from firearms (67%), hanging (16%), poisoning (6%), inhalation (4%), and other methods (7%). Method varied by ethnicity (p = .01) and gender (p = .03); males and non-Hispanic Whites were overrepresented among firearm deaths. Firearm ownership was known in 60 (48%) of the firearm deaths. Of these, 53% of the firearms belonged to a family member, 25% to the decedent, and 22% to a friend. Over one-third of decedents (41%) experienced mental disorders, primarily depressed mood and clinical depression. Previous suicide attempts were noted for 15% of the decedents. Some 50% of the decedents had alcohol or drugs present at the time of death; among American Indians/Alaska Natives, 74% had drugs or alcohol present (p = .003). Targeted interventions are needed to reduce adolescent suicide in New Mexico. We suggest raising awareness about acute and chronic contributing factors to suicide; training physicians to look for behavioral manifestations of depression; and involving physicians, teachers, and youth activity leaders in efforts to limit firearm accessibility, such as advising parents to remove firearms from their households.

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