scholarly journals A Dual-Task Paradigm Using the Oral Trail Making Test While Walking to Study Cognitive-Motor Interactions in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Langeard ◽  
Marta Maria Torre ◽  
Jean-Jacques Temprado
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Test Part ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Switching Task

Objective: With aging, gait becomes more dependent on executive functions, especially on switching abilities. Therefore, cognitive-motor dual-task (DT) paradigms should study the interferences between gait and switching tasks. This study aimed to test a DT paradigm based on a validated cognitive switching task to determine whether it could distinguish older-old adults (OO) from younger-old adults (YO).Methods: Sixty-five healthy older participants divided into 29 younger-old (<70 years) and 36 older-old (≥70 years) age groups were evaluated in three single-task (ST) conditions as follows: a cognitive task including a processing speed component [Oral Trail Making Test part A (OTMT-A)], a cognitive task including a switching component [Oral Trail Making Test part B (OTMT-B)], and a gait evaluation at normal speed. They were also evaluated under two DT conditions, i.e., one associating gait with OTMT-A and the other associating gait with OTMT-B. Cognitive and gait performances were measured. The comparison of cognitive and gait performances between condition, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed.Results: The cognitive and gait performances were differently affected by the different conditions (i.e., ST, DT, OTMT-A, and OTMT-B). The OTMT-B produced higher interference on gait and cognitive performances. Moreover, a higher number of errors on the OTMT-B performed while walking was associated with the older-old age group.Conclusion: Using validated cognitive flexibility tasks, this DT paradigm confirms the high interference between switching tasks and gait in older age. It is easily implemented, and its sensitivity to age may highlight its possible usefulness to detect cognitive or motor declines.

scholarly journals A-166 The Role of Apathy on Executive Functioning After Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-960
Author(s):  
Lopez A ◽  
Lopez Palacios D ◽  
Quintana A ◽  
Gibson D ◽  
Arguelles-Borge S
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Test Part ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract Objective This study examined the role of apathy on performance of an executive functioning task. Method The data for this study was derived from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set containing neuropsychological information for stroke patients (n = 317) who completed the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and the Trail Making Test (Part B). The sample was divided into two groups. One which endorsed feelings of apathy in the last month (n = 102; mean age = 84,SD = 8.33) and a second group which denied feelings of apathy within the last month (n = 215; mean age = 86, SD = 8.02). Results After controlling for depression [as measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)], age, gender, and motor impairment, the results of an ANCOVA showed that those who reported apathy performed significantly slower on the Trail Making Test—Part B than those who did not report it [F(1,312 = 6.01, p = .02]. Conclusions It has previously been found that cognitive performance can be impacted by depression on stroke patients. However, recently, it has been identified that apathy specifically, can have an effect on cognitive domains such as verbal learning, short-term, and long-term memory. The present study further supports that apathy may play a role in overall cognitive performance. Therefore, even if patients do not meet criteria for depression, the presence of apathy should still be taken into account. Future research should examine other possible contributing factors such as processing speed should be taken into account as they could be affecting the scores. Finally, researchers should utilize additional measures of executive functioning as only one was available for this study.

scholarly journals A Mobile Device Dual-Task Paradigm for the Assessment of mTBI

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M Linder ◽  
Mandy Miller Koop ◽  
Sarah Ozinga ◽  
Zachary Goldfarb ◽  
Jay L Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Device ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Number Discrimination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Research Objective Dual-task performance, in which individuals complete two or more activities simultaneously, is impaired following mild traumatic brain injury. The aim of this project was to develop a dual-task paradigm that may be conducive to military utilization in evaluating cognitive-motor function in a standardized and scalable manner by leveraging mobile device technology. Methods Fifty healthy young adult civilians (18–24 years) completed four balance stances and a number discrimination task under single- and dual-task conditions. Postural stability was quantified using data gathered from iPad’s native accelerometer and gyroscope. Cognitive task difficulty was manipulated by presenting stimuli at 30, 60, or 90 per minute. Performance of cognitive and balance tasks was compared between single- and dual-task trials. Results Cognitive performance from single- to dual-task paradigms showed no significant main effect of balance condition or the interaction of condition by frequency. From single- to dual-task conditions, a significant difference in postural control was revealed in only one stance: tandem with eyes closed, in which a slight improvement in postural stability was observed under dual-task conditions. Conclusion The optimal dual-task paradigm to evaluate cognitive-motor performance with minimal floor and ceiling effects consists of tandem stance with eyes closed while stimuli are presented at a rate of one per second.

Neuropsychological Features of Asymptomatic c.709-1G>A Progranulin Mutation Carriers

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Barandiaran ◽  
Ainara Estanga ◽  
Fermín Moreno ◽  
Begoña Indakoetxea ◽  
Ainhoa Alzualde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Test Part ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Naming Test

AbstractMutations in the progranulin (PGRN) gene have been identified as a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, little is known about the neuropsychological abilities of asymptomatic carriers of these mutations. The aim of the study was to assess cognitive functioning in asymptomatic c.709-1G>A PGRN mutation carriers. We hypothesized that poorer neuropsychological performance could be present before the development of clinically significant FTD symptoms. Thirty-two asymptomatic first-degree relatives of FTD patients carrying the c.709-1G>A mutation served as study participants, including 13 PGRN mutation carriers (A-PGRN+) and 19 non-carriers (PGRN-). A neuropsychological battery was administered. We found that the A-PGRN+ participants obtained significantly poorer scores than PGRN- individuals on tests of attention (Trail-Making Test Part A), mental flexibility (Trail-Making Test Part B), and language (Boston Naming Test). Poorer performance on these tests in asymptomatic PGRN mutation carriers may reflect a prodromal phase preceding the onset of clinically significant symptoms of FTD. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1086–1090)

Neuropsychological performance changes following subthalamic versus pallidal deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and metaanalysis

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elgebaly ◽  
Mohamed Elfil ◽  
Attia Attia ◽  
Mayar Magdy ◽  
Ahmed Negida
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Test Part ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Neuropsychological Outcomes ◽  
Naming Test ◽  
Deep Brain

BackgroundStudies comparing subthalamus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the management of Parkinson’s disease in terms of neuropsychological performance are scarce and heterogeneous. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and metaanalysis to compare neuropsychological outcomes following STN DBS versus GPi DBS.MethodsA computer literature search of PubMed, the Web of Science, and Cochrane Central was conducted. Records were screened for eligible studies, and data were extracted and synthesized using Review Manager (v. 5.3 for Windows).ResultsSeven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Of them, four randomized controlled trials (n=345 patients) were pooled in the metaanalysis models. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of change in the Stroop color-naming test favored the GPi DBS group (SMD=–0.31,p=0.009). However, other neuropsychological outcomes did not favor either of the two groups (Stroop word-reading:SMD=–0.21,p=0.08; the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) digits forward:SMD=0.08,p=0.47; Trail Making Test Part A:SMD=–0.05,p=0.65; WAIS–R digit symbol:SMD=–0.16,p=0.29; Trail Making Test Part B:SMD=–0.14,p=0.23; Stroop color–word interference:SMD=–0.16,p=0.18; phonemic verbal fluency: bilateral DBSSMD=–0.04,p=0.73, and unilateral DBSSMD=–0.05,p=0.83; semantic verbal fluency: bilateral DBSSMD=–0.09,p=0.37, and unilateral DBSSMD=–0.29,p=0.22; Boston Naming Test:SMD=–0.11,p=0.33; Beck Depression Inventory: bilateral DBSSMD=0.15,p=0.31, and unilateral DBSSMD=0.36,p=0.11).ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference in most of the neuropsychological outcomes. The present evidence does not favor any of the targets in terms of neuropsychological performance.

Reliability and construct validity of a novel motor–cognitive dual‐task test: A Stepping Trail Making Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Osuka ◽  
Narumi Kojima ◽  
Ryota Sakurai ◽  
Yutaka Watanabe ◽  
Hunkyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

scholarly journals A-029 The Clinical Utility of the Trail Making Test- Part B Efficiency Score in a Memory Disorder Clinic

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-819
Author(s):  
Grueninger K ◽  
Yousif M ◽  
Denny A ◽  
Sohoni R ◽  
Webbe F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Memory Disorder ◽  
Test Part ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Normal Cognition ◽  
B Efficiency

Abstract Objective Trail Making Test—Part B (TMTB) is a common neuropsychological instrument measuring aspects of executive functioning such as set shifting and cognitive flexibility. Typically, TMTB is discontinued if not completed within 300 seconds, limiting variability in interpretation for individuals who discontinue. This study aims to alleviate this limitation by examining whether a TMT-B Efficiency (TMT-Be) score can provide useful clinical information in a memory disorder clinic population. Methods TMTB was administered to 167 patients (101 females, 66 males) as part of a neuropsychological evaluation. Diagnostic groups included: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD; N = 83), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; N = 58), and Normal Cognition (N = 26). Ages ranged from 65–94. Participants completed TMTB according to standardized instructions. TMT-Be scores accounted for time, number of errors, and number of incomplete moves. Results TMT-Be scores differed significantly across diagnostic groups (ANOVA, F (2, 164) = 44.81, p < .001). Post-hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed TMT-Be scores in the AD group (M = 17.48, SD = 9.23) were significantly higher than scores of the MCI group (M = 7.91, SD = 5.68) and WNL group (M = 4.65, SD = 1.67). Significant correlations between TMT-Be score and other neuropsychological measures were also found and will be presented and discussed. Conclusion Results support clinical utility of TMT-Be scores for diagnostic purposes, such as differential diagnosis of normal cognition, MCI, and AD. Further research with a larger number of participants and other populations may lend further support to the clinical utility of the TMT-Be scoring method.

A-104 Examining Methods of Executive Ability from Trail Making Test Part B in Retired Football Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153-1153
Author(s):  
Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
Bethany A Nordberg ◽  
Alexis Bueno ◽  
Pavel Y Litvin ◽  
Amy Bichlmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Test Part ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Executive Ability

Abstract Introduction Repeated sports-related concussions have been associated with cognitive deficits, similar to other forms of traumatic brain injury. We investigated three different measures of executive ability derived from the Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) in healthy comparison (HC) adults and retired football players. Methods The sample consisted of 32 HC, 15 retired football speed players (FSP; e.g., quarterbacks), and 53 retired football non-speed players (FNP) participants. Participants were administered both TMT part A (TMT-A) and TMT-B, and total time for completion was recorded. A series of ANCOVAs, controlling for age and education were conducted to evaluate group differences in executive abilities. Executive measures included the TMT-B raw score (i.e., seconds to complete TMT-B), the raw score difference (in seconds) between TMT-A and TMT-B (TMT-BA), and the difference between a predicted TMT-B score (TMT-BP) and the obtained TMT-B score (TMT-BBP). Correlations between TMT-B, TMT-BA, and TMT-BBP and other executive functioning tests (i.e., letter fluency and animal naming) were evaluated. Results Results revealed that the HC group outperformed both retired football player groups on all measures of executive ability derived from TMT-B, p’s < 0.05, ηps2 = 0.18–0.45. Furthermore, the retired FNP TMT-B and TMT-BA were significantly correlated with both letter fluency and animal naming, r’s = −0.40 to −0.36, p’s < 0.05. Discussion We found that the HC group outperformed both retired football player groups on all three TMT variables. In our retired FNP sample, more TMT variables correlated with executive functioning measures which suggests that TMT-B and TMT-BA are likely better measures of executive ability than TMT-BBP.

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