Segmentation of the Cingulum Bundle in the Human Brain: A New Perspective Based on DSI Tractography and Fiber Dissection Study

This chapter introduces a new perspective on the role of love in human evolution and human development. The bonds of love, whether between parent and child, lovers, or close friends, may all have a common biological root, activating neurochemicals that make us feel good. Like other human capacities, such as consciousness, learning, and creativity, love has a long and fascinating evolutionary history. Indeed, the evolution of love appears to be integral to the development of our human brain and hence to much that distinguishes us from other species. Moreover, love plays a vital, though still largely unrecognized, role in human development, with evidence accumulating about the negative effects of love deprivation as well as the benefits of love. But whether or not our needs for meaning and love are met, and whether or not our capacities for creativity and love are expressed, are largely determined by the interaction of biology and culture—specifically, the degree to which a culture or subculture orients to the partnership or domination end of the continuum.

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Evidence of a m iddle l ongitudinal f asciculus in the human brain from fiber dissection

Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.1111/joa.12055 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 223 (1) ◽

pp. 38-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Igor Lima Maldonado ◽

Nicolas Menjot Champfleur ◽

Stéphane Velut ◽

Christophe Destrieux ◽

Ilyess Zemmoura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Fiber Dissection

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Autoconnectivity: A new perspective on human brain function

Journal of Neuroscience Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 323 ◽

pp. 68-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad R. Arbabshirani ◽

Adrian Preda ◽

Jatin G. Vaidya ◽

Steven G. Potkin ◽

Godfrey Pearlson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Brain Function ◽

New Perspective

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Does the superior fronto-occipital fascicle exist in the human brain? Fiber dissection and brain functional mapping in 90 patients with gliomas

NeuroImage Clinical ◽

10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 102192

Author(s):

Xiaoliang Liu ◽

Masashi Kinoshita ◽

Harumichi Shinohara ◽

Osamu Hori ◽

Noriyuki Ozaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Functional Mapping ◽

Fiber Dissection

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Dissociated Expression of Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Creatine Kinases in the Human Brain: A New Perspective on the Role of Creatine in Brain Energy Metabolism

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.2013.84 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1295-1306 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Matthew TJ Lowe ◽

Eric H Kim ◽

Richard LM Faull ◽

David L Christie ◽

Henry J Waldvogel

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Human Brain ◽

High Energy ◽

Cellular Energy ◽

Neuronal Populations ◽

Neurologic Function ◽

New Perspective ◽

The Brain ◽

Brain Energy

The phosphocreatine/creatine kinase (PCr/CK) system in the brain is defined by the expression of two CK isozymes: the cytosolic brain-type CK (BCK) and the ubiquitous mitochondrial CK (uMtCK). The system plays an important role in supporting cellular energy metabolism by buffering adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption and improving the flux of high-energy phosphoryls around the cell. This system is well defined in muscle tissue, but there have been few detailed studies of this system in the brain, especially in humans. Creatine is known to be important for neurologic function, and its loss from the brain during development can lead to mental retardation. This study provides the first detailed immunohistochemical study of the expression pattern of BCK and uMtCK in the human brain. A strikingly dissociated pattern of expression was found: uMtCK was found to be ubiquitously and exclusively expressed in neuronal populations, whereas BCK was dominantly expressed in astrocytes, with a low and selective expression in neurons. This pattern indicates that the two CK isozymes are not widely coexpressed in the human brain, but rather are selectively expressed depending on the cell type. These results suggest that the brain cells may use only certain properties of the PCr/CK system depending on their energetic requirements.

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Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2015.5.jns15455 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 124 (5) ◽

pp. 1396-1405 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Kaan Yagmurlu ◽

Erik H. Middlebrooks ◽

Necmettin Tanriover ◽

Albert L. Rhoton

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Premotor Cortex ◽

Diffusion Imaging ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽

Pars Opercularis ◽

Fiber Dissection ◽

And Diffusion

OBJECT The aim of this study was to examine the arcuate (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF), which together form the dorsal language stream, using fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques in the human brain. METHODS Twenty-five formalin-fixed brains (50 hemispheres) and 3 adult cadaveric heads, prepared according to the Klingler method, were examined by the fiber dissection technique. The authors’ findings were supported with MR tractography provided by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium. The frequencies of gyral distributions were calculated in segments of the AF and SLF in the cadaveric specimens. RESULTS The AF has ventral and dorsal segments, and the SLF has 3 segments: SLF I (dorsal pathway), II (middle pathway), and III (ventral pathway). The AF ventral segment connects the middle (88%; all percentages represent the area of the named structure that is connected to the tract) and posterior (100%) parts of the superior temporal gyri and the middle part (92%) of the middle temporal gyrus to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars opercularis, 40% in pars triangularis) and the ventral premotor cortex (84%) by passing deep to the lower part of the supramarginal gyrus (100%). The AF dorsal segment connects the posterior part of the middle (100%) and inferior temporal gyri (76%) to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars opercularis), ventral premotor cortex (72%), and posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus (56%) by passing deep to the lower part of the angular gyrus (100%). CONCLUSIONS This study depicts the distinct subdivision of the AF and SLF, based on cadaveric fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques, to clarify the complicated language processing pathways.

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