scholarly journals Afferent Projections to Area Prostriata of the Mouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Meng Hu ◽  
Chang-Hui Chen ◽  
Sheng-Qiang Chen ◽  
Song-Lin Ding
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Afferent Projections ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Auditory Cortices

Area prostriata plays important roles in fast detection and analysis of peripheral visual information. It remains unclear whether the prostriata directly receives and integrates information from other modalities. To gain insight into this issue, we investigated brain-wide afferent projections to mouse prostriata. We find convergent projections to layer 1 of the prostriata from primary and association visual and auditory cortices; retrosplenial, lateral entorhinal, and anterior cingulate cortices; subiculum; presubiculum; and anterior thalamic nuclei. Innervation of layers 2–3 of the prostriata mainly originates from the presubiculum (including postsubiculum) and anterior midline thalamic region. Layer 5 of the prostriata mainly receives its inputs from medial entorhinal, granular retrosplenial, and medial orbitofrontal cortices and anteromedial thalamic nucleus while layer 6 gets its major inputs from ectorhinal, postrhinal, and agranular retrosplenial cortices. The claustrum, locus coeruleus, and basal forebrain provide relatively diffuse innervation to the prostriata. Moreover, Cre-dependent tracing in cortical areas reveals that the cells of origin of the prostriata inputs are located in layers 2–4 and 5 of the neocortical areas, layers 2 and 5 of the medial entorhinal cortex, and layer 5 of the retrosplenial cortex. These results indicate that the prostriata is a unique region where primary and association visual and auditory inputs directly integrate with many limbic inputs.

scholarly journals Lesions of retrosplenial cortex spare immediate-early gene activity in related limbic regions in the rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239821281881123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L Powell ◽  
Emma Hindley ◽  
Andrew JD Nelson ◽  
Moira Davies ◽  
Eman Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Loss ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei

The retrosplenial cortex forms part of a network of cortical and subcortical structures that have particular importance for spatial learning and navigation in rodents. This study examined how retrosplenial lesions affect activity in this network by visualising the expression of the immediate-early genes c- fos and zif268 after exposure to a novel location. Groups of rats with extensive cytotoxic lesions (areas 29 and 30) and rats with lesions largely confined to area 30 (dysgranular cortex) were compared with their respective control animals for levels of c- fos expression measured by immunohistochemistry. These cortical lesions had very limited effects on distal c- fos activity. Evidence of a restricted reduction in c-fos activity was seen in the septal dentate gyrus (superior blade) but not in other hippocampal and parahippocampal subareas, nor in the anterior cingulate and prelimbic cortices. Related studies examined zif268 activity in those cases with combined area 29 and 30 lesions. The only clear evidence for reduced zif268 activity following retrosplenial cell loss came from the septal CA3 area. The confined impact of retrosplenial tissue loss is notable as, by the same immediate-early gene measures, retrosplenial cortex is itself highly sensitive to damage in related limbic areas, showing a marked c- fos and zif268 hypoactivity across all of its subareas. This asymmetry in covert pathology may help to explain the apparent disparity between the severity of learning deficits after retrosplenial cortex lesions and after lesions in either the hippocampus or the anterior thalamic nuclei.

scholarly journals Hippocampal–diencephalic–cingulate networks for memory and emotion: An anatomical guide

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 239821281772344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Bubb ◽  
Lisa Kinnavane ◽  
John P. Aggleton
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Mammillary Bodies ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei

This review brings together current knowledge from tract tracing studies to update and reconsider those limbic connections initially highlighted by Papez for their presumed role in emotion. These connections link hippocampal and parahippocampal regions with the mammillary bodies, the anterior thalamic nuclei, and the cingulate gyrus, all structures now strongly implicated in memory functions. An additional goal of this review is to describe the routes taken by the various connections within this network. The original descriptions of these limbic connections saw their interconnecting pathways forming a serial circuit that began and finished in the hippocampal formation. It is now clear that with the exception of the mammillary bodies, these various sites are multiply interconnected with each other, including many reciprocal connections. In addition, these same connections are topographically organised, creating further subsystems. This complex pattern of connectivity helps explain the difficulty of interpreting the functional outcome of damage to any individual site within the network. For these same reasons, Papez’s initial concept of a loop beginning and ending in the hippocampal formation needs to be seen as a much more complex system of hippocampal–diencephalic–cingulate connections. The functions of these multiple interactions might be better viewed as principally providing efferent information from the posterior medial temporal lobe. Both a subcortical diencephalic route (via the fornix) and a cortical cingulate route (via retrosplenial cortex) can be distinguished. These routes provide indirect pathways for hippocampal interactions with prefrontal cortex, with the preponderance of both sets of connections arising from the more posterior hippocampal regions. These multi-stage connections complement the direct hippocampal projections to prefrontal cortex, which principally arise from the anterior hippocampus, thereby creating longitudinal functional differences along the anterior–posterior plane of the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Organisation of cingulum bundle fibres connecting the anterior thalamic nuclei with the rodent anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239821282095716
Author(s):  
Emma J. Bubb ◽  
Andrew J. D. Nelson ◽  
Thomas C. Cozens ◽  
John P. Aggleton
Keyword(s):  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Atlas ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Cingulum Bundle ◽  
Reciprocal Connections ◽  
Thalamic Projections ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Rats And Mice

Despite considerable interest in the properties of the cingulum bundle, descriptions of the composition of this major pathway in the rodent brain have not kept pace with advances in tract tracing. Using complementary approaches in rats and mice, this study examined the dense, reciprocal connections the anterior thalamic nuclei have with the cingulate and retrosplenial cortices, connections thought to be major contributors to the rodent cingulum bundle. The rat data came from a mixture of fluorescent and viral tracers, some injected directly into the bundle. The mouse data were collated from the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. The projections from the three major anterior thalamic nuclei occupied much of the external medullary stratum of the cingulum bundle, where they were concentrated in its more medial portions. These anterior thalamic projections formed a rostral-reaching basket of efferents prior to joining the cingulum bundle, with anteromedial efferents taking the most rostral routes, often reaching the genu of the corpus callosum, while anterodorsal efferents took the least rostral route. In contrast, the return cortico-anterior thalamic projections frequently crossed directly through the bundle or briefly joined the internal stratum of the cingulum bundle, often entering the internal capsule before reaching the anterior thalamus. These analyses confirm that anterior thalamic connections comprise an important component of the rodent cingulum bundle, while also demonstrating the very different routes used by thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic projections. This information reveals how the composition of the cingulum bundle alters along its length.

scholarly journals Long-range inhibitory intersection of a retrosplenial thalamocortical circuit by apical tuft-targeting CA1 neurons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Yamawaki ◽  
Xiaojian Li ◽  
Laurie Lambot ◽  
Lynn Y. Ren ◽  
Jelena Radulovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Ca1 Neurons ◽  
Apical Tuft ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei

AbstractDorsal hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) interact to mediate diverse cognitive functions, but the cellular basis for these interactions is unclear. We hypothesized a long-range circuit converging in layer 1 (L1) of RSC, based on the pathway anatomy of GABAergic CA1 retrosplenial-projecting (CA1-RP) neurons and thalamo-restrosplenial projections from ATN. We find that CA1→RSC projections stem from GABAergic neurons with a distinct morphology, electrophysiology, and molecular profile, likely corresponding to recently described Ntng1-expressing hippocampal interneurons. CA1-RP neurons monosynaptically inhibit L5 pyramidal neurons, principal outputs of RSC, via potent GABAergic synapses onto apical tuft dendrites in L1. These inhibitory inputs align precisely with L1-targeting thalamocortical excitatory inputs from ATN, particularly the anteroventral nucleus, forming a convergent circuit whereby CA1 inhibition can intercept ATN excitation to co-regulate RSC activity. Excitatory axons from subiculum, in contrast, innervate proximal dendrites in deeper layers. Short-term synaptic plasticity differs at each connection. Chemogenetically abrogating inhibitory CA1→RSC or excitatory ATN→RSC connections oppositely affects the encoding of contextual fear memory. Collectively, our findings identify multiple cellular mechanisms underlying hippocampo-thalamo-retrosplenial interactions, establishing CA1 RSC-projecting neurons as a distinct class with long-range axons that target apical tuft dendrites, and delineating an unusual cortical circuit in the RSC specialized for integrating long-range inhibition and thalamocortical excitation.

scholarly journals Chemogenetics Reveal an Anterior Cingulate–Thalamic Pathway for Attending to Task-Relevant Information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J Bubb ◽  
John P Aggleton ◽  
Shane M O’Mara ◽  
Andrew J D Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Stimulus Dimension ◽  
Constant Stimulus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei

Abstract In a changing environment, organisms need to decide when to select items that resemble previously rewarded stimuli and when it is best to switch to other stimulus types. Here, we used chemogenetic techniques to provide causal evidence that activity in the rodent anterior cingulate cortex and its efferents to the anterior thalamic nuclei modulate the ability to attend to reliable predictors of important outcomes. Rats completed an attentional set-shifting paradigm that first measures the ability to master serial discriminations involving a constant stimulus dimension that reliably predicts reinforcement (intradimensional-shift), followed by the ability to shift attention to a previously irrelevant class of stimuli when reinforcement contingencies change (extradimensional-shift). Chemogenetic disruption of the anterior cingulate cortex (Experiment 1) as well as selective disruption of anterior cingulate efferents to the anterior thalamic nuclei (Experiment 2) impaired intradimensional learning but facilitated 2 sets of extradimensional-shifts. This pattern of results signals the loss of a corticothalamic system for cognitive control that preferentially processes stimuli resembling those previously associated with reward. Previous studies highlight a separate medial prefrontal system that promotes the converse pattern, that is, switching to hitherto inconsistent predictors of reward when contingencies change. Competition between these 2 systems regulates cognitive flexibility and choice.

EPS Mid-Career Award 2006: Understanding anterograde amnesia: Disconnections and hidden lesions

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1441-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Aggleton
Keyword(s):  
Anterograde Amnesia ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Lesion Effect ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Colloid Cysts ◽  
The Many

Three emerging strands of evidence are helping to resolve the causes of the anterograde amnesia associated with damage to the diencephalon. First, new anatomical studies have refined our understanding of the links between diencephalic and temporal brain regions associated with amnesia. These studies direct attention to the limited numbers of routes linking the two regions. Second, neuropsychological studies of patients with colloid cysts confirm the importance of at least one of these routes, the fornix, for episodic memory. By combining these anatomical and neuropsychological data strong evidence emerges for the view that damage to hippocampal—mammillary body—anterior thalamic interactions is sufficient to induce amnesia. A third development is the possibility that the retrosplenial cortex provides an integrating link in this functional system. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that the retrosplenial cortex may suffer “covert” pathology (i.e., it is functionally lesioned) following damage to the anterior thalamic nuclei or hippocampus. This shared indirect “lesion” effect on the retrosplenial cortex not only broadens our concept of the neural basis of amnesia but may also help to explain the many similarities between temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia.

scholarly journals Anterior thalamic nuclei, but not retrosplenial cortex, lesions abolish latent inhibition in rats.

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. D. Nelson ◽  
Anna L. Powell ◽  
Lisa Kinnavane ◽  
John P. Aggleton
Keyword(s):  
Latent Inhibition ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei

scholarly journals BIFURCATING NEURONS IN THE ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Pei ◽  
S (Yee T) Tasananukorn ◽  
M Wolff ◽  
JC Dalrymple-Alford
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Nodal Point ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Neural Ensembles ◽  
Multiple Structures ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractThe anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) form a nodal point within a hippocampal-cingulate-diencephalic memory system. ATN projections to different brain structures are conventionally viewed as distinct, but ATN neurons may send collaterals to multiple structures. The anteromedial subregion (AM) is the primary source of efferents to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Using a dual-retrograde neurotracer strategy, we discovered bifurcating AM neurons for tracers placed in the mPFC when paired with other regions. A semi-quantitative analysis found a high proportion of AM neurons (~36%) showed collateral projections when the mPFC was paired with dorsal subiculum (dSub); 20% were evident for mPFC paired with caudal retrosplenial cortex (cRSC); and 6% was found for mPFC and ventral hippocampal formation (vHF). About 10% of bifurcating AM neurons was also identified when the mPFC was not included, that is, for cRSC with dSub, and cRSC with vHF. Similar percentages of bifurcating neurons were also found within the anterior region of the adjacent nucleus reuniens (Re). The high frequency of bifurcating neurons suggests a new perspective for ATN function. These neurons would facilitate direct coordination among distal neural ensembles to support episodic memory and may explain why the ATN is a critical region for diencephalic amnesia.

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