scholarly journals Two Preputial Gland-Secreted Pheromones Evoke Sexually Dimorphic Neural Pathways in the Mouse Vomeronasal System

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Liu ◽  
Yaohua Zhang ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Xiao Guo ◽  
Yijun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Vomeronasal System ◽  
Preputial Gland

scholarly journals Sex-specific processing of social cues in the medial amygdala

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F Bergan ◽  
Yoram Ben-Shaul ◽  
Catherine Dulac
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Medial Amygdala ◽  
Vomeronasal System ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Functional Representation ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Species Specific

Animal–animal recognition within, and across species, is essential for predator avoidance and social interactions. Despite its essential role in orchestrating responses to animal cues, basic principles of information processing by the vomeronasal system are still unknown. The medial amygdala (MeA) occupies a central position in the vomeronasal pathway, upstream of hypothalamic centers dedicated to defensive and social responses. We have characterized sensory responses in the mouse MeA and uncovered emergent properties that shed new light onto the transformation of vomeronasal information into sex- and species-specific responses. In particular, we show that the MeA displays a degree of stimulus selectivity and a striking sexually dimorphic sensory representation that are not observed in the upstream relay of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the development of sexually dimorphic circuits in the MeA requires steroid signaling near the time of puberty to organize the functional representation of sensory stimuli.

Androgen-induced plasticity at a “vocal” neuromuscular synapse

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Darcy B. Kelley ◽  
Martha L. Tobias ◽  
Mark Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Neuromuscular Synapse ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Androgen Action ◽  
Clawed Frog

Brain and muscle are sexually differentiated tissues in which masculinization is controlled by the secretion of androgens from the testes. Sensitivity to androgen is conferred by the expression of an intracellular protein, the androgen receptor. A central problem of sexual differentiation is thus to understand the cellular and molecular basis of androgen action. We do not understand how hormone occupancy of a receptor translates into an alteration in the developmental program of the target cell. Our studies on sexual differentiation of brain and muscle in Xenopus laevis are designed to explore the molecular basis of androgen induced sexual differentiation by examining how this hormone controls the masculinization of brain and muscle targets.Our approach to this problem has focused on a highly androgen sensitive, sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system: laryngeal muscles and motor neurons of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We have been studying sex differences at a synapse, the laryngeal neuromuscular junction, which mediates sexually dimorphic vocal behavior in Xenopus laevis frogs.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

Chemogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic projections to the nucleus accumbens has sexually dimorphic effects in the rat gambling task.

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan J. Hynes ◽  
Jacqueline-Marie M. Ferland ◽  
Tanya L. Feng ◽  
Wendy K. Adams ◽  
Mason M. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gambling Task

PKA signaling drives reticularis differentiation and sexually dimorphic adrenal cortex renewal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumontet T ◽  
Sahut-Barnola I ◽  
Septier A ◽  
Montanier N ◽  
Plotton I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic

Optometric Vision Therapy for Visual Deficits and Dysfunctions: A Suggested Model for Evidence-Based Practice

2015 ◽  
pp. 290-339
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Functional Vision ◽  
Vision Therapy

Evidence from neural science supports a neuroplasticity thesis where the development and rehabilitation of functional neural pathways can be facilitated by management of biological factors, central processing and environmental interactions. Healthy eyes and clear sight are not themselves sufficient for efficient functional vision. How a person uses vision determines their operational skill. Efficient functional vision requires dynamic interactions between and within visual receptive and reflexive biology, acquired neural networks that serve basic visual inspection processes and visuo-cognitive operational patterns driving top down visual – spatial analysis and problem solving. This presentation is a review and discussion of evidence-based practice (EBP) principles that we utilise in clinical neuro-developmental and rehabilitative optometric vision therapy (OVT) for selected visual deficits and dysfunctions. OVT services, like other collaborative therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy, must progressively adapt to new knowledge and advancing technology through EBP. Clinical services directed at treatable neuro-developmental and acquired dynamic functional vision problems require the application of an emerging set of principles resulting from systematic logic and EBP related to the art and science of case analysis, practice management and OVT delivery.

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