scholarly journals The Ganglioside Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside Protects Auditory Hair Cells Against Neomycin-Induced Cytotoxicity Through Mitochondrial Antioxidation: An in vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Li ◽  
Ao Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Yaoting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Auditory Hair Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Gene ◽  
Antioxidant Gene Expression

Neomycin is a common ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotic that causes sensory hearing disorders worldwide, and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) is reported to have antioxidant effects that protect various cells. However, little is known about the effect of GM1 on neomycin-induced hair cell (HC) ototoxic damage and related mechanism. In this study, cochlear HC-like HEI-OC-1 cells along with whole-organ explant cultures were used to establish an in vitro neomycin-induced HC damage model, and then the apoptosis rate, the balance of oxidative and antioxidant gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured. GM1 could maintain the balance of oxidative and antioxidant gene expression, inhibit the accumulation of ROS and proapoptotic gene expression, promoted antioxidant gene expression, and reduce apoptosis after neomycin exposure in HEI-OC-1 cells and cultured cochlear HCs. These results suggested that GM1 could reduce ROS aggregation, maintain mitochondrial function, and improve HC viability in the presence of neomycin, possibly through mitochondrial antioxidation. Hence, GM1 may have potential clinical value in protecting against aminoglycoside-induced HC injury.

scholarly journals Comparison of Anti-Oxidative Effect of Human Adipose- and Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium on Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Development

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Kihae Ra ◽  
Hyun Ju Oh ◽  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Sung Keun Kang ◽  
Jeong Chan Ra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Antioxidant Gene ◽  
Mouse Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Antioxidant Gene Expression

Oxidative stress is a major cause of damage to the quantity and quality of embryos produced in vitro. Antioxidants are usually supplemented to protect embryos from the suboptimal in vitro culture (IVC) environment. Amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) have emerged as a promising regenerative therapy, and their paracrine factors with anti-oxidative effects are present in AMSC conditioned medium (CM). We examined the anti-oxidative potential of human AMSC-CM treatment during IVC on mouse preimplantation embryo development and antioxidant gene expression in the forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway. AMSC-CM (10%) was optimal for overall preimplantation embryo developmental processes and upregulated the expression of FoxOs and their downstream antioxidants in blastocysts (BL). Subsequently, compared to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC)-CM, AMSC-CM enhanced antioxidant gene expression and intracellular GSH levels in the BL. Total antioxidant capacity and SOD activity were greater in AMSC-CM than in ASC-CM. Furthermore, SOD and catalase were more active in culture medium supplemented with AMSC-CM than in ASC-CM. Lastly, the anti-apoptotic effect of AMSC-CM was observed with the regulation of apoptosis-related genes and mitochondrial membrane potential in BL. In conclusion, the present study established AMSC-CM treatment at an optimal concentration as a novel antioxidant intervention for assisted reproduction.

Antioxidant gene expression and function in in vitro-developing Schistosoma mansoni mother sporocysts: possible role in self-protection

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1369-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. VERMEIRE ◽  
T. P. YOSHINO
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Antioxidant Gene ◽  
Antioxidant Gene Expression ◽  
And Function ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Tegumental Syncytium

SUMMARYThe ability of the larval forms of Schistosoma mansoni to invade and parasitize their molluscan host, Biomphalaria glabrata, is determined by a multitude of factors. In this study we sought to elucidate the possible mechanisms by which the invading larvae are able to counteract the potentially harmful oxidative environment presented by the host upon initial miracidial infection. This was attempted by examining the gene expression profile of parasite antioxidant enzymes of the linked glutathione-(GSH) thioredoxin (Trx) redox pathway during early intramolluscan larval development. Three such enzymes, the peroxiredoxins (Prx1, Prx2 and Prx3) were examined as to their activity and sites of expression within S. mansoni miracidia and in vitro-cultured mother sporocysts. Results of these studies demonstrated that the H2O2-reducing enzymes Prx1 and 2 are upregulated during early mother sporocyst development compared to miracidia. Immunolocalization studies further indicated that Prx1 and Prx2 proteins are expressed within the apical papillae of miracidia and tegumental syncytium of sporocysts, and are released with parasite excretory-secretory proteins (ESP) during in vitro larval transformation. Removal of Prx1 and Prx2 from larval ESP by immunoabsorption significantly reduced the ability of ESP to breakdown exogenous H2O2, thereby directly linking ESP Prx proteins with H2O2-scavenging activity. Moreover, exposure of live sporocysts to exogenous H2O2 stimulated an upregulation of Prx1 and 2 gene expression suggesting the involvement of H2O2–responsive elements in regulating larval Prx gene expression. These data provide evidence that Prx1 and Prx2 may function in the protection of S. mansoni sporocysts during the early stages of infection.

An in-vitro study investigating the effect of air-abrasion bioactive glasses on dental adhesion, cytotoxicity and odontogenic gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianrico Spagnuolo ◽  
Paula Maciel Pires ◽  
Anna Calarco ◽  
Gianfranco Peluso ◽  
Avijit Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Bioactive Glasses

scholarly journals Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Induced Apoptosis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in the Gills, Liver, and Intestine ofOryzias latipes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wuk Lee ◽  
Young Chul Choi ◽  
Rosa Kim ◽  
Sung Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gene Induction ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Antioxidant Gene ◽  
Significant Gene ◽  
Antioxidant Gene Expression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Multiwall Carbon

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have many attractive properties with potential applications in various fields. Despite their usefulness, however, the associated waste can be hazardous to the environment. To examine adverse effects in aquatic environments,Oryzias latipeswere exposed to MWCNTs dispersed in water for 14 days and apoptosis and antioxidant gene expression were observed. This work showed that in gills exposed to 100 mg/L MWCNTs for 4 days, there was significantp53,caspase-3 (Cas3),caspase-8 (Cas8), andcaspase-9 (Cas9)gene expression relative to the controls, whilecatalase (CAT)andglutathione-S-transferase (GST)expression were reduced. At 14 days,CAT,GST, andmetallothionein (MT)were induced significantly in the gills andCas3,Cas8, andCas9were induced in the liver. No significant gene induction was seen in intestine. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased significantly only at 14 days. Histologically, no apoptosis was observed with exposure to 100 mg/L MWCNTs for 21 days. The gills were more sensitive to MWCNT toxicity than the other organs. Males had higher apoptosis gene induction than females. These results demonstrated that MWCNTs could cause apoptosis in a manner influenced by tissue and gender in aqueous environments.

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