scholarly journals Retinal Vein Changes as a Biomarker to Guide Diagnosis and Management of Elevated Intracranial Pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Elevated Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Cerebral Venous Pressure

Retinal vein changes, which can be observed on clinical exam or ophthalmic imaging, are promising non-invasive biomarkers for elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) as a complement to other markers of high ICP including optic nerve head swelling. Animal and human studies have demonstrated increase in retinal vein pressure associated with elevated ICP mediated by increase in cerebral venous pressure, compression of venous outflow by elevated cerebral spinal fluid pressure in the optic nerve sheath, and compression of venous outflow by optic nerve head swelling. Retinal vein pressure can be estimated using ophthalmodynamometry. Correlates of retinal vein pressure include spontaneous retinal venous pulsations, retinal vein diameter, and retinal vein tortuosity. All of these have potential for clinical use to diagnose and monitor elevated ICP. Challenges include diagnostic prediction based on single clinical measurements and accurate assessment of retinal vein parameters in cases where optic nerve head swelling limits visualization of the retinal veins.

scholarly journals Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Correlation with Elevated Intracranial Pressure Determined via Ultrasound

Cureus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Munawar ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Khan ◽  
Syed Waqar Hussain ◽  
Aayesha Qadeer ◽  
Zahid Siddique Shad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Elevated Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Nerve Sheath

Blood Flow Velocities Are Reduced in the Optic Nerve of Children with Elevated Intracranial Pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijean M. Miller ◽  
Taeun Chang ◽  
Robert Keating ◽  
Eric Crouch ◽  
Craig Sable
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Elevated Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Flow Velocities

CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF THE INSECTICIDE ENDRIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Emerson Jr. ◽  
C. M. Brake ◽  
L. B. Hinshaw
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Venous Pressure

Little is known of the cardiovascular effects of endrin insecticide. Experiments to investigate these phenomena were carried out on dogs with a variety of preparations. Results show that acute administration of endrin produces bradycardia, hypertension, copious salivation, hyperexcitability, tonic–cionic convulsions, increased body temperature, leukocytosis, hemoconcentration, and decreased blood pH. Cerebral venous pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure elevations are also prominent features of endrin poisoning. Although most of these effects appear to be caused by endrin acting directly on the central nervous system some may result secondarily from altered cerebral hemodynamics.

scholarly journals Spontaneous resolution of optic pit maculopathy: an OCT report

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 251584142095084
Author(s):  
Massimo Lorusso ◽  
Roberta Zito ◽  
Luisa Micelli Ferrari ◽  
Eleni Nikolopoulou ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Spontaneous Resolution ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Severe Visual Loss ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sd Oct

The separation of the vitreous from the optic nerve head and the macula plays a primary role in the spontaneous resolution of optic disc pit (ODP) maculopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) helps in the non-invasive monitoring of this condition, when treated conservatively. The aim of this report was to describe a pediatric case of spontaneously resolved ODP maculopathy, managed conservatively and monitored by means of spectral domain (SD)-OCT. A 14-year-old girl presented with severe visual loss in the right eye (RE). Fundus examination demonstrated a temporal ODP with altered foveal reflex. The SD-OCT B-scans revealed severe intraretinal schisis-like changes, broad vitreal adhesion in the optic nerve head area, posterior hyaloid thickening, and vitreal entrapment in the premacular space. The patient was managed conservatively. Spontaneous resolution of ODP maculopathy took place over 3 months, with vision improved up to 1.0 (Snellen charts). The macular schisis progressively resolved after posterior vitreous detachment. In conclusion, in our report, a complete restoration of the foveal anatomy was achieved without any surgical intervention. This OCT-based report confirms the role of the vitreomacular abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease.

scholarly journals Elevated Intracranial Pressure Diagnosis with Emergency Department Bedside Ocular Ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Amin ◽  
T. McCormick ◽  
T. Mailhot
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Elevated Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Ocular Ultrasound ◽  
Fundoscopic Examination

Bedside sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter can aid in the diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure in the emergency department. This case report describes a 21-year-old female presenting with 4 months of mild headache and 2 weeks of recurrent, transient binocular vision loss. Though limited by patient discomfort, fundoscopic examination suggested the presence of blurred optic disc margins. Bedside ocular ultrasound (BOUS) revealed wide optic nerve sheath diameters and bulging optic discs bilaterally. Lumbar puncture demonstrated a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure of 54 cm H2O supporting the suspected diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Accurate fundoscopy can be vital to the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected elevated intracranial pressure, but it is often technically difficult or poorly tolerated by the photophobic patient. BOUS is a quick and easily learned tool to supplement the emergency physician’s fundoscopic examination and help identify patients with elevated intracranial pressure.

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