scholarly journals Lower In vivo Myo-Inositol in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Correlates with Delayed Melatonin Rhythms in Young Persons with Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rébecca Robillard ◽  
Jim Lagopoulos ◽  
Daniel F. Hermens ◽  
Sharon L. Naismith ◽  
Naomi L. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

Role for NMDA receptors in visceral nociceptive transmission in the anterior cingulate cortex of viscerally hypersensitive rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. G918-G927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyin Wu ◽  
Jun Gao ◽  
Jin Yan ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Chung Owyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glutamatergic Transmission ◽  
Reverse Microdialysis

We have identified colorectal distension (CRD)-responsive neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and demonstrated that persistence of a heightened visceral afferent nociceptive input to the ACC induces ACC sensitization. In the present study, we confirmed that rostral ACC neurons of sensitized rats [induced by chicken egg albumin (EA)] exhibit enhanced spike responses to CRD. Simultaneous in vivo recording and reverse microdialysis of single ACC neurons showed that a low dose of glutamate (50 μM) did not change basal ACC neuronal firing in normal rats but increased ACC neuronal firing in EA rats from 18 ± 2 to 32 ± 3.8 impulses/10 s. A high dose of glutamate (500 μM) produced 1.95-fold and a 4.27-fold increases of ACC neuronal firing in sham-treated rats and in EA rats, respectively, suggesting enhanced glutamatergic transmission in the ACC neurons of EA rats. Reverse microdialysis of the 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/kainite receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 10 μM) reduced basal and abolished CRD-induced ACC neuronal firing in normal rats. In contrast, microdialysis of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist AP5 had no effect on ACC neuronal firing in normal rats. However, AP5 produced 86% inhibition of ACC neuronal firing evoked by 50 mmHg CRD in the EA rats. In conclusion, ACC nociceptive transmissions are mediated by glutamate AMPA receptors in the control rats. ACC responses to CRD are enhanced in viscerally hypersensitive rats. The enhancement of excitatory glutamatergic transmission in the ACC appears to mediate this response. Furthermore, NMDA receptors mediate ACC synaptic responses after the induction of visceral hypersensitivity.

In vivo evidence for early neurodevelopmental anomaly of the anterior cingulate cortex in bipolar disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fornito ◽  
G. S. Malhi ◽  
J. Lagopoulos ◽  
B. Ivanovski ◽  
S. J. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

scholarly journals Metabolite activity in the anterior cingulate cortex during a painful stimulus using functional MRS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Archibald ◽  
E. L. MacMillan ◽  
C. Graf ◽  
P. Kozlowski ◽  
C. Laule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract To understand neurochemical brain responses to pain, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is used in humans in vivo to examine various metabolites. Recent MRS investigations have adopted a functional approach, where acquisitions of MRS are performed over time to track task-related changes. Previous studies suggest glutamate is of primary interest, as it may play a role during cortical processing of noxious stimuli. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effect (i.e., glutamate) in the anterior cingulate cortex during noxious stimulation using fMRS. The analysis addressed changes in glutamate and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) associated with the onset of pain, and the degree by which fluctuations in metabolites corresponded with continuous pain outcomes. Results suggest healthy participants undergoing tonic noxious stimulation demonstrated increased concentrations of glutamate and Glx at the onset of pain. Subsequent reports of pain were not accompanied by corresponding changes in glutamate of Glx concentrations. An exploratory analysis on sex revealed large effect size changes in glutamate at pain onset in female participants, compared with medium-sized effects in male participants. We propose a role for glutamate in the ACC related to the detection of a noxious stimulus.

scholarly journals Increased burst coding in deep layers of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex during neuropathic pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Kasanetz ◽  
Thomas Nevian
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Noxious Stimuli

AbstractNeuropathic pain induces changes in neuronal excitability and synaptic connectivity in deep layers of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that play a central role in the sensory, emotional and affective consequences of the disease. However, how this impacts ACC in vivo activity is not completely understood. Using a mouse model, we found that neuropathic pain caused an increase in ACC in vivo activity, as measured by the indirect activity marker c-Fos and juxtacellular electrophysiological recordings. The enhanced firing rate of ACC neurons in lesioned animals was based on a change in the firing pattern towards bursting activity. Despite the proportion of ACC neurons recruited by noxious stimuli was unchanged during neuropathic pain, responses to noxious stimuli were characterized by increased bursting. Thus, this change in coding pattern may have important implications for the processing of nociceptive information in the ACC and could be of great interest to guide the search for new treatment strategies for chronic pain.

scholarly journals Context-dependent relationships between locus coeruleus firing patterns and coordinated neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex

eLife ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Joshi ◽  
Joshua I Gold
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Pairwise Correlations ◽  
Context Dependent

Ascending neuromodulatory projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) affect cortical neural networks via the release of norepinephrine (NE). However, the exact nature of these neuromodulatory effects on neural activity patterns in vivo is not well understood. Here we show that in awake monkeys, LC activation is associated with changes in coordinated activity patterns in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). These relationships, which are largely independent of changes in firing rates of individual ACC neurons, depend on the type of LC activation: ACC pairwise correlations tend to be reduced when ongoing (baseline) LC activity increases but enhanced when external events evoke transient LC responses. Both relationships covary with pupil changes that reflect LC activation and arousal. These results suggest that modulations of information processing that reflect changes in coordinated activity patterns in cortical networks can result partly from ongoing, context-dependent, arousal-related changes in activation of the LC-NE system.

scholarly journals A review of altered biochemistry in the anterior cingulate cortex of first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Squarcina ◽  
J. A. Stanley ◽  
M. Bellani ◽  
C. A. Altamura ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Relevant biochemicals of the brain can be quantified in vivo, non-invasively, using proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (¹H MRS). This includes metabolites associated with neural general functioning, energetics, membrane phospholipid metabolism and neurotransmission. Moreover, there is substantial evidence of implication of the frontal and prefrontal areas in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. In particular, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in cognitive control of emotional and non-emotional processes. Thus the study of its extent of biochemistry dysfunction in the early stages of psychosis is of particular interest in gaining a greater understanding of its aetiology. In this review, we selected ¹H MRS studies focused on the ACC of first-episode psychosis (FEP). Four studies reported increased glutamatergic levels in FEP, while other four showed preserved concentrations. Moreover, findings on FEP do not fully mirror those in chronic patients. Due to conflicting findings, larger longitudinal ¹H MRS studies are expected to further explore glutamatergic neurotransmission in ACC of FEP in order to have a better understanding of the glutamatergic mechanisms underlying psychosis, possibly using ultra high field MR scanners.

scholarly journals Chemogenetic modulation and single-photon calcium imaging in anterior cingulate cortex reveal a mechanism for effort-based decisions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Hart ◽  
Garrett J. Blair ◽  
Thomas J. O’Dell ◽  
Hugh T. Blair ◽  
Alicia Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Stable Population ◽  
Choice Condition ◽  
Population Code ◽  
Lever Pressing

ABSTRACTThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in effort exertion and choices based on effort cost, but it is still unclear how it mediates this cost-benefit evaluation. Here, male rats were trained to exert effort for a high-value reward (sucrose pellets) in a progressive ratio lever pressing task. Trained rats were then tested in two conditions: a no-choice condition where lever pressing for sucrose was the only available food option, and a choice condition where a low-value reward (lab chow) was freely available as an alternative to pressing for sucrose. Disruption of ACC—via either chemogenetic inhibition or excitation—reduced lever pressing in the choice, but not in the no-choice, condition. We next looked for value coding cells in ACC during effortful behavior and reward consumption phases during choice and no-choice conditions. For this, we utilized in vivo miniaturized fluorescence microscopy to reliably track responses of the same cells and compare how ACC neurons respond during the same effortful behavior where there was a choice versus when there was no-choice. We found that lever-press and sucrose-evoked responses were significantly weaker during choice compared to no-choice sessions, which may have rendered them more susceptible to chemogenetic disruption. Taken together, findings from our interference experiments and neural recordings suggest that a mechanism by which ACC mediates effortful decisions is in the discrimination of the utility of available options. ACC regulates these choices by providing a stable population code for the relative value of different options.Significance StatementThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in effort-based decision making. Here, we used chemogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging to explore its mechanism. Rats were trained to lever press for a high-value reward and tested in two conditions: a no-choice condition where lever pressing for the high-value reward was the only option, and a choice condition where a low-value reward was also available. Inhibition or excitation of ACC reduced effort toward the high value option, but only in the choice condition. Neural responses in ACC were weaker in the choice compared to the no-choice condition. A mechanism by which ACC regulates effortful decisions is in providing a stable population code for the discrimination of the utility of available options.

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