Differences in Multimodal Electroencephalogram and Clinical Correlations Between Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the two main types of dementia. We investigated the electroencephalogram (EEG) difference and clinical correlation in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD), and FTD using multimodal EEG analyses. EOAD had more severe EEG abnormalities than late-onset AD (LOAD). Group comparisons between EOAD and LOAD were also performed.MethodsThirty patients diagnosed with EOAD, nine patients with LOAD, and 14 patients with FTD (≤65 y) were recruited (2008.1–2020.2), along with 24 healthy controls (≤65 y, n = 18; >65 y, n = 6). Clinical data were reviewed. Visual EEG, EEG microstate, and spectral analyses were performed.ResultsCompared to controls, markedly increased mean microstate duration, reduced mean occurrence, and reduced global field power (GFP) peaks per second were observed in EOAD and FTD. We found increased durations of class B in EOAD and class A in FTD. EOAD had reduced occurrences in classes A, B, and C, while only class C occurrence was reduced in FTD. The visual EEG results did not differ between AD and FTD. Microstate B showed correlations with activities of daily living score (r = 0.780, p = 0.008) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 (r = −0.833, p = 0.010) in EOAD. Microstate D occurrence was correlated with the CSF Aβ42 level in FTD (r = 0.786, p = 0.021). Spectral analysis revealed a general slowing EEG, which may contribute to microstate dynamic loss. Power in delta was significantly higher in EOAD than in FTD all over the head. In addition, EOAD had a marked increased duration and decreased occurrence than late-onset AD (LOAD), with no group differences in visual EEG results.ConclusionThe current study found that EOAD and FTD had different EEG changes, and microstate had an association with clinical severity and CSF biomarkers. EEG microstate is more sensitive than visual EEG and may be useful for the differentiation between AD and FTD. The observations support that EEG can be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of early-onset dementias.

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Differences in Multimodal EEG and Clinical Correlations Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-149165/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nan Lin ◽

Jing Gao ◽

Chenhui Mao ◽

Heyang Sun ◽

Qiang Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

Frontotemporal Dementia ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the two main types of dementia. We aim to investigate the difference between AD and FTD by use of multimodal EEG analyses. Additionally, the difference in correlations between EEG and clinical data was also investigated.Methods. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with AD and 15 patients with FTD were recruited (2008.1-2020.2), along with 24 healthy controls. Clinical data were reviewed. EEG microstate analysis, spectral analyses, and connectivity analysis were performed. Results. Microstate duration was increased in AD for microstate B and increased in FTD for microstate A compared to controls. Correspondingly, microstate C occurrence was decreased in both dementia groups, compared to control group. After divided into early onset and late onset AD, increased mean duration and reduced mean occurrence were observed in early onset AD, compared to late onset AD, with no significant difference in visual EEG score. CSF Aβ42 was correlated to microstate B coverage in AD (r = -0.833, P = 0.010), and microstate D occurrence in FTD (r = 0.786, P = 0.021). ADL and MMSE were also related to visual EEG score and microstate, but for different variables in the two dementia groups. Spectral analysis revealed decreased power in 8-30 Hz and increased power in delta band in both dementia. AD had higher spectral power in the temporal region, compared to FTD. Reduced alpha and beta coherences were demonstrated in AD in bilateral frontal, fronto-temporal, and fronto-occipital connections, and in FTD in the right frontal and fronto-temporal connections. Conclusions. Multimodal EEG analyses show different results between AD and FTD. Reduced coherence is across more brain areas in AD, including intra-anterior and anterior-posterior regions, compared to FTD, which only had frontal-temporal connectivity involved. Spectral analysis revealed a general EEG slowing. Increased microstate duration and decreased occurrence may be attributed to EEG slowing, for different classes in different types of dementia. Microstate may be more sensitive than visual EEG inspection. The correlations with clinical severity and biomarkers indicate that EEG is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and disease assessment.

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Contribution of CSF biomarkers to early‐onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia neuroimaging signatures

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.24925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (8) ◽

pp. 2004-2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Neus Falgàs ◽

Mariona Ruiz‐Peris ◽

Agnès Pérez‐Millan ◽

Roser Sala‐Llonch ◽

Anna Antonell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Frontotemporal Dementia ◽

Early Onset ◽

Csf Biomarkers ◽

Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

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Distinct social-behavioral changes in frontotemporal dementia and early onset Alzheimer's disease

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e536722014-001 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph P. Barsuglia ◽

Michelle J. Mather ◽

Hemali V. Panchal ◽

Aditi Joshi ◽

Elvira Jimenez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Frontotemporal Dementia ◽

Early Onset ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

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Longitudinal brain atrophy and CSF biomarkers in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease

NeuroImage Clinical ◽

10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102804 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102804

Author(s):

José Contador ◽

Agnès Pérez-Millán ◽

Adrià Tort-Merino ◽

Mircea Balasa ◽

Neus Falgàs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Early Onset ◽

Csf Biomarkers ◽

Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

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Prevalence and Severity of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Early- Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® ◽

10.1177/1533317519841191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (7-8) ◽

pp. 433-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarah Baillon ◽

Amy Gasper ◽

Frances Wilson-Morkeh ◽

Megan Pritchard ◽

Amala Jesu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Functional Dependence ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Caregiver Distress ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Symptom Prevalence ◽

Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

Background: The study aimed to compare neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in people with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). Methods: Fifty-six participants with LOAD and 24 participants with EOAD having mild dementia were assessed for NPS for their frequency, severity, and caregiver distress as measured by Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI) along with assessments of cognition and functional dependence. Results: Participants with EOAD and LOAD were not significantly different for total NPI score ( P = .057). Early-onset Alzheimer disease had greater prevalence of all the NPS except apathy. Participants with EOAD were significantly worse on anxiety ( P = .03), irritability ( P = .01), and sleep ( P < .01) subscales and their carers significantly more distressed by their irritability ( P = .002) and sleeping patterns ( P = .005). Regression analysis showed that higher NPI score was associated with longer duration of illness in EOAD and higher functional dependence in LOAD. Conclusions: The NPS severity was similar between EOAD and LOAD although EOAD had higher symptom prevalence and carer distress.

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Assoziationen zwischen Cholesterin, APOB und früher Alzheimer-Erkrankung

Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie ◽

10.1055/a-0987-0793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 (01) ◽

pp. 4

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Alzheimer Krankheit ◽

Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

Hohe Cholesterinwerte sind ein Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung der altersbedingten, späten Form der Alzheimer-Krankheit, der „Late-onset Alzheimer`s disease“ (LOAD). Doch wie die seltenere, frühe Form, die „Early-onset Alzheimer‘s disease“ (EOAD) mit Cholesterin zusammenhängt, war bisher unklar. In dieser Studie untersuchten die Forscher Assoziationen zwischen Cholesterinwerten und EOAD, sowie zugrunde liegende genetische Mechanismen.

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Examining early‐onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease to understand the neuropathological substract of typical and atypical AD

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1002/alz.041616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (S5) ◽

Author(s):

Lea Tenenholz Grinberg ◽

Cathrine Petersen ◽

Amber L. Nolan ◽

Elisa de Paula França Resende ◽

Zachary A. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

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Screening for gene mutation in early onset Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia: Report from a Serbian tertiary referral center

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1002/alz.041807 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (S2) ◽

Author(s):

Gorana Mandic Stojmenovic ◽

Elka Stefanova ◽

Ivana Novakovic ◽

Valerija Dobricic ◽

Tanja Stojkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Frontotemporal Dementia ◽

Gene Mutation ◽

Early Onset ◽

Tertiary Referral ◽

Tertiary Referral Center ◽

Referral Center ◽

Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

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Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/254954 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Perry G. Ridge ◽

Mark T. W. Ebbert ◽

John S. K. Kauwe

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Association Studies ◽

The United States ◽

Complex Disorder ◽

Genetic Components ◽

Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and is the only top 10 cause of death in the United States that lacks disease-altering treatments. It is a complex disorder with environmental and genetic components. There are two major types of Alzheimer’s disease, early onset and the more common late onset. The genetics of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease are largely understood with variants in three different genes leading to disease. In contrast, while several common alleles associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, including APOE, have been identified using association studies, the genetics of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease are not fully understood. Here we review the known genetics of early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

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