scholarly journals Comparative Study of Brain fMRI of Olfactory Stimulation in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyue He ◽  
Tingting Peng ◽  
Weiwei He ◽  
Chen Gou ◽  
Changyue Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Olfactory Stimulation ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brain Fmri ◽  
Left Middle

Objective: To observe the characteristics of brain fMRI during olfactory stimulation in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), compare the differences of brain functional activation areas between patients with NMOSD and MS, and explore the characteristics of olfactory-related brain networks of NMOSD and MS.Methods: Nineteen patients with NMOSD and 16 patients with MS who met the diagnostic criteria were recruited, and 19 healthy controls matched by sex and age were recruited. The olfactory function of all participants was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Olfactory stimulation was alternately performed using a volatile body (lavender and rose solution) and the difference in brain activation was evaluated by task-taste fMRI scanning simultaneously.Results: Activation intensity was weaker in the NMOSD group than in the healthy controls, including the left rectus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left cuneus. The activation intensity was stronger for the NMOSD than the controls in the left insula and left middle frontal gyrus (P < 0.05). Activation intensity was weaker in the MS group than the healthy controls in the bilateral hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus, right insula, left rectus gyrus, and right precentral gyrus, and stronger in the left paracentral lobule among the MS than the controls (P < 0.05). Compared with the MS group, activation intensity in the NMOSD group was weaker in the right superior temporal gyrus and left paracentral lobule, while it was stronger among the NMOSD group in the bilateral insula, bilateral hippocampus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, left inferior orbital gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left putamen, and left middle frontal gyrus (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Olfactory-related brain networks are altered in both patients, and there are differences between their olfactory-related brain networks. It may provide a new reference index for the clinical differentiation and disease evaluation of NMOSD and MS. Moreover, further studies are needed.

Mapping white matter damage distribution in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with a multimodal MRI approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852094149
Author(s):  
Laura Cacciaguerra ◽  
Maria A Rocca ◽  
Loredana Storelli ◽  
Marta Radaelli ◽  
Massimo Filippi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Axial Diffusivity ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: The pathogenetic mechanisms sustaining neuroinflammatory disorders may originate from the cerebrospinal fluid. Objective: To evaluate white matter damage with diffusion tensor imaging and T1/T2-weighted ratio at progressive distances from the ventricular system in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis. Methods: Fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity and T1/T2-weighted ratio maps were obtained from patients with seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, multiple sclerosis, and healthy controls ( n = 20 each group). White matter damage was assessed as function of ventricular distance within progressive concentric bands. Results: Compared to healthy controls, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders patients had similar fractional anisotropy, radial and axial diffusivity, increased mean diffusivity ( p = 0.009–0.013) and reduced T1/T2-weighted ratio ( p = 0.024–0.037) in all bands. In multiple sclerosis, gradient of percentage lesion volume and intra-lesional mean and axial diffusivity were higher in periventricular bands. Compared to healthy controls, multiple sclerosis patients had reduced fractional anisotropy ( p = 0.001–0.043) in periventricular bands, increased mean ( p < 0.001), radial ( p < 0.001–0.004), and axial diffusivity ( p = 0.002–0.008) and preserved T1/T2-weighted ratio in all bands. Conclusion: White matter damage is higher at periventricular level in multiple sclerosis and diffuse in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Fractional anisotropy preservation, associated with increased mean diffusivity and reduced T1/T2-weighted ratio may reflect astrocyte damage.

The role of cerebellar abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica – a comparison with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Weier ◽  
Arman Eshaghi ◽  
Stefano Magon ◽  
Michaela Andelova ◽  
Ernst-Wilhelm Radue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Cerebellar Volume ◽  
And Gender

Background: In relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the cerebellum is a known predilection site for atrophy. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is characterized by extensive lesions in the spinal cord and optic nerve; however, cerebellar involvement has been less studied. Secondary degeneration of the spinocerebellar tract could impact the cerebellum in NMO. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether spinal cord and cerebellar volume measures differ between patients with NMO and RRMS. Methods: Volumetric analyses of the cerebellum (TCV), the upper cervical cord (UCV) as well as the whole brain (NBV) of age- and gender-matched patients with NMO ( n=30; 56% AQP4 +ve) and RRMS ( n=25) were performed on 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared with 34 healthy controls (HC). Results: UCV was significantly reduced in NMO patients (6.3 cm3) as compared with HC (6.7 cm3), while patients with MS had reduced brain volumes compared with HC (NBV=1482 cm3; p<0.001; TCV=188 cm3; p=0.042), but UCV close to normal values. Patients with RRMS and NMO differed in NBV ( p=0.001; lower in RRMS) and by trend (towards reduction in RRMS) in cerebellar volume ( p=0.06). Conclusions: While atrophy seems to be diffuse in MS patients, a rather focussed pattern with predominant involvement of the UCV was observed in NMO patients.

scholarly journals Deep Gray Matter Iron Content in Neuromyelitis Optica and Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adam Pudlac ◽  
Andrea Burgetova ◽  
Petr Dusek ◽  
Petra Nytrova ◽  
Manuela Vaneckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Deep Gray Matter

Background. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are often presenting with overlapping symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how NMO and MS differ regarding cerebral iron deposits in deep gray matter (DGM) and the correlation between iron deposition and clinical severity as well as to regional atrophy of the DGM. Methods. We analyzed 20 patients with NMO, 40 patients with a relapsing-remitting (RR) form of MS, and 20 healthy controls with 1.5T MRI. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was performed to estimate iron concentration in the DGM. Results. Patients with NMO have higher magnetic susceptibility values in the substantia nigra compared to healthy controls. RRMS patients have lower magnetic susceptibility values in the thalamus compared to healthy controls and NMO patients. Atrophy of the thalamus, pulvinar, and putamen is significant both in RRMS compared to NMO patients and healthy controls. A correlation was found between the disability score (EDSS) and magnetic susceptibility in the putamen in RRMS. Conclusions. This study confirms that a disturbed cerebral iron homeostasis in patients with NMO occurs in different structures than in patients with RRMS. Increased magnetic susceptibility in substantia nigra in NMO and decreased magnetic susceptibility within the thalamus in RRMS were the only significant differences in the study sample. We could confirm that iron concentration in the thalami is decreased in RRMS compared to that in the HC group. Positive association was found between putaminal iron and EDSS in RRMS.

HLA-DRB association in neuromyelitis optica is different from that observed in multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doralina Guimaraães Brum ◽  
Amilton Antunes Barreira ◽  
Antonio Carlos dos Santos ◽  
Damacio Ramon Kaimen-Maciel ◽  
Marcelo Matiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Allele Group ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Until recently, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) was considered to be a sub-type of multiple sclerosis (MS), which has a strong predilection for Caucasian populations, whereas NMO is more frequent in non-Caucasian individuals. The objective of this study was to compare the HLA-DRB profile in Brazilian Mulatto patients with NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) with that observed for Mulatto MS patients and healthy Mulatto controls. Twenty seven NMOSD patients (20 women), all seropositive for NMO-IgG, 29 MS patients and 28 Mulatto healthy blood donors were evaluated for HLA-DRB allele groups. HLA-DRB1*03 allele group was overrepresented in NMO patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0401; OR = 3.23, 95%CI: 1.07—9.82). In contrast, the HLA-DRB1*15 allele group was overrepresented in Brazilian MS patients (OR = 15.89, 95%CI: 3.51—71.85; p < 0.0001). DRB3 was overrepresented in NMO (p = 0.0064), and DRB5 overrepresented in MS patients (p = 0.0001). The low frequency of HLA-DRB1*15 alleles was associated with the presence of long and central cord lesions at magnetic resonance. In addition, DRB1*15 alleles were associated with the fulfillment of the Barkhof criteria. In conclusion, these results indicate that the DRB profile of NMO patients is different from that observed for MS patients, further corroborating the distinction between NMO and MS.

scholarly journals Increased radial diffusivity in spinal cord lesions in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C Klawiter ◽  
Junqian Xu ◽  
Robert T Naismith ◽  
Tammie LS Benzinger ◽  
Joshua S Shimony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Radial Diffusivity ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesions ◽  
T2 Lesions

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) both affect spinal cord with notable differences in pathology. Objective: Determine the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to differentiate the spinal cord lesions of NMO from MS within and outside T2 lesions. Methods: Subjects greater than or equal to 12 months from a clinical episode of transverse myelitis underwent a novel transaxial cervical spinal cord DTI sequence. Ten subjects with NMO, 10 with MS and 10 healthy controls were included. Results: Within T2 affected white matter regions, radial diffusivity was increased in both NMO and MS compared with healthy controls ( p<0.001, respectively), and to a greater extent in NMO than MS ( p<0.001). Axial diffusivity was decreased in T2 lesions in both NMO and MS compared with controls ( p<0.001, p=0.001), but did not differ between the two diseases. Radial diffusivity and fractional anisotropy within white matter regions upstream and downstream of T2 lesions were different from controls in each disease. Conclusions: Higher radial diffusivity within spinal cord white matter tracts derived from diffusion tensor imaging were appreciated in NMO compared with MS, consistent with the known greater tissue destruction seen in NMO. DTI also detected tissue alterations outside T2 lesions and may be a surrogate of anterograde and retrograde degeneration.

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