scholarly journals Correlated Sensory and Sympathetic Innervation Between the Acupoint BL23 and Kidney in the Rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyun Zhang ◽  
Dongsheng Xu ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Jingjing Cui ◽  
Shuang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Neural Tracing ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Spinal Segments ◽  
Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry

Objective: To investigate the sensory and sympathetic innervations associated with both acupoint “Shenshu” (BL23) and kidney in the rat for insight into the neuronal correlation between the Back-Shu Point and its corresponding visceral organ.Methods: The BL23 and kidney were selected as the representative acupoint and visceral organ in this study, in which their local nerve fibers were examined by using double fluorescent immunohistochemistry with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Meanwhile, their neuronal correlation in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), spinal cord, and sympathetic (paravertebral) chain were investigated using a double fluorescent neural tracing technique with Alexa Fluor 488 and 594 conjugates with cholera toxin subunit B (AF488/594-CTB).Results: The local tissue of acupoint BL23 and the fibrous capsule of kidney distributed abundantly with CGRP- and TH-positive nerve fibers, corresponding to their sensory and sympathetic innervation. On the other hand, the sensory neurons associated with acupoint BL23 and kidney were labeled with AF488/594-CTB and distributed from thoracic (T) 11 to lumbar (L) 3 DRGs and from T10 to L2 DRGs, respectively, in which some of them in T12-T13 DRGs were simultaneously labeled with both AF488/594-CTB. Also, postganglionic neurons associated with both acupoint BL23 and kidney were found in the sympathetic chain at the same spinal segments but separately labeled with AF488-CTB and AF594-CTB.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the neural characteristics of the acupoint BL23 and kidney in the rat from the perspective of neurochemistry and neural pathways, providing an example for understanding the neuronal correlation between the Back-Shu Points and their corresponding visceral organs. These results suggest that the stimulation of the Back-Shu Points may regulate the activities of the target-organs via the periphery sensory and sympathetic pathways.

scholarly journals Specificity of Sensory and Motor Neurons Associated with BL40 and GB30 in the Rat: A Dual Fluorescent Labeling Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Cui ◽  
Lijuan Ha ◽  
Xinlong Zhu ◽  
Fuchun Wang ◽  
Xianghong Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope ◽  
Alexa Fluor ◽  
Neural Tracing ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Spinal Segments ◽  
Subunit B

The purpose of this study is to investigate the specific innervations on “Weizhong” (BL40) and “Huantiao” (GB30) by using a dual neural tracing technique. After Alexa Fluor 488 and 594 conjugates of cholera toxin subunit B (AF488/594-CTB) were, respectively, injected into BL40 and GB30 in the same rat, the labeled sensory and motor neurons were examined in the rat’s dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord at thoracic (T) and lumbar (L) segments with a laser scanning confocal microscope. In the cases of BL40 injection, AF488-CTB labeled sensory and motor neurons were located in L2–6DRGs and on the mediolateral part of spinal ventral horn from L3to L5segments, respectively. By contrast, in the cases of GB30 injection, AF594-CTB labeled sensory and motor neurons were distributed in T13-L6DRGs and on the anterolateral part of spinal ventral horn from L1to L5segments, respectively. These results indicate that the sensory and motor neurons associated with BL40 and GB30 are located in different spinal segments and regions in the nervous system, providing the neuroanatomical evidence to serve the specificity of acupoints.

Immunohistochemical Study of Intralaryngeal Ganglia in the Cat

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniyoshi Tsuda ◽  
Takemoto Shin ◽  
Sadahiko Masuko
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Exocrine Secretion ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Dense Distribution ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Almost All

To study the mechanism of autonomic regulation in the larynx, intralaryngeal local ganglia of the cat were investigated using immunohistochemical techniques. Small intralaryngeal ganglia were found in the peripheral portions of internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. Ninety-one percent of the ganglionic neurons were immunoreactive (IR) to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and 10% of the VIP-IR cells were also immunoreactive to enkephalin (ENK) and/or substance P (SP). The immunoreactivity of neuronal cell bodies remained unchanged even after denervation of the bilateral superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves. A dense distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-IR nerve fibers was found around almost all neuronal cells in the intralaryngeal. ganglia. A few VIP-IR, ENK-IR, and SP-IR nerve fibers were also observed. Only the CGRP-IR fibers disappeared after the denervation experiments. in the laryngeal glands and mucosal arterioles, VIP-IR nerve terminals were found that were also immunoreactive to ENK and/or SP. However, these Immunoreactive nerve endings in the glands and arterioles remained after the denervation experiments. The results of our study indicate that laryngeal exocrine secretion and blood flow are regulated by postganglionic autonomic parasympathetic fibers from intralaryngeal ganglia that contain VIP alone or VIP with ENK and/or SP, and that these ganglionic neurons may be innervated by CGRP-IR extrinsic nerve fibers.

Electron Microscopical and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Induction of "Qi" Employing Needling Manipulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Kimura ◽  
Kazuo Tohya ◽  
Kyo-ichi Kuroiwa ◽  
Hirohisa Oda ◽  
E. Christo Gorawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopical Analysis ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Transparent Materials ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

During a sparrow-pecking and twisting-needle manipulation to the acupoints BL 23, 24 and 25 for an induction of "Qi", it was found that some transparent materials were binding to the needles after removed from the volunteer's skin. Electron-microscopical analysis of the transparent materials revealed that they corresponded to the injured fascia made up of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, adipocytes and mast cells. Rarely were nerve fiber-like structures observed in the materials. Immunohistochemically, calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerve fibers could be demonstrated in the acupoint BL 24 associated fascia. A possible functional relationship between the needle manipulation and the induction of Qi-sensation is discussed along with the acupoint tissue constitution.

Distribution of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerve fibers in the trachea of chronically hypoxic rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kusakabe ◽  
T. Kawakami ◽  
F.L. Powell ◽  
M.H. Ellisman ◽  
H. Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene

Responses of nerve fibers to pulpal inflammation and periapical lesions in rat molars demonstrated by calcitonin gene-related peptide immunocytochemistry

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand G. Khayat ◽  
Margaret R. Byers ◽  
Patrick E. Taylor ◽  
Kelly Mecifi ◽  
Charles L. Kimberly
Keyword(s):  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Rat Molars

Abstract 15228: Role of Sympathetic Innervation in the Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin JIANG ◽  
Yugang Liu ◽  
Guillermo A Ameer
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Infrarenal Aorta ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Nerve Bundles

Introduction: The objective of this study is to understand the role of neurological factors, specifically those from the perivascular sympathetic nervous system (SNS), on the initiation and development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the formation of AAA is associated with the loss of perivascular SNS-induced vasoconstriction specific to the aneurysm region. Methods: We developed a rat Abdominal Aortic Denervation (AAD) model, where the infrarenal aorta of Spauge Dawley rats was denervated with surgical removal of nerve fibers and chemical denervation with 10% phenol ( Figure. A ). A sham control group was included where the infrarenal aorta was treated with PBS. The arteries were harvested at 1 month after the surgeries for histological assessment. Results: The denervated aortas exhibited significant thinning of the aortic wall including the media and the adventitia, compared to the sham controls ( Figure. B ). Moreover, degradation of elastin, demonstrated by the fragmentation of elastic fibers and the decreased number of lamellar units, was also observed in the dennervated aortas in comparison to the sham controls. While the control aortas were well innervated with perivascular nerve bundles adjacent to the adventitia, no nerves were found surrounding the denervated aortas, suggesting successful denervation. Conclusions: We generated an AAD model that could be used for mechanistic understanding and therapeutic development of AAA. The preliminary data suggest a direct link between the lack of aortic sympathetic innervation and AAA formation. Long-term studies are currently underway to further characterize changes in the aortic walls after sympathetic denervation. Figure. (A) Illustration of the denervated region on the rat infrarenal aorta. ( B ) Histological staining of control and denervated rat abdominal aortas at 1 month after surgery. Yellow stars: para-aortic nerve bundles. Scale bar = 200 μm.

Intra-articular Injection of Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma Is the Most Effective Treatment for Joint Pain by Modulating Synovial Inflammation and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in a Rat Arthritis Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2004-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Araya ◽  
Kazumasa Miyatake ◽  
Kunikazu Tsuji ◽  
Hiroki Katagiri ◽  
Yusuke Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Synovial Inflammation ◽  
Arthritis Model ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). However, the effect that leukocyte concentrations in PRP have on OA remains unclear. Purpose: To clarify the optimal PRP formulation for OA treatment by comparing pure PRP, leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP), and leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) in a rat arthritis model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Knee arthritis was induced bilaterally in male Wistar rats with intra-articular injections of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) on day 0. Rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (pure PRP, LP-PRP, and LR-PRP). On day 1, allogenic PRP was injected into the right knee of rats and phosphate-buffered saline was injected into the left knee as a control. Weight distribution on the hindlimbs was measured for 14 days to assess pain behavior. Rats were euthanized at day 5 or 14 for histological assessment of synovial tissue and cartilage. Immunohistochemical staining of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and α-smooth muscle actin was performed to determine the mechanism of pain relief induced by the PRP preparations. Results: In all groups, PRP increased the load-sharing ratio on PRP-injected knees, with pure PRP eliciting the largest effect among the 3 kinds of PRP ( P < .05). Structural changes in the synovial tissue were significantly inhibited in the pure-PRP group compared with the control group after both 5 and 14 days ( P < .001 and P = .025, respectively), whereas no significant difference was found between the control, LP-PRP, and LR-PRP groups. An inhibitory effect on cartilage degeneration was observed only in the pure-PRP group on day 14. Pure PRP also significantly inhibited expression of CGRP-positive nerve fibers in the infrapatellar fat pad compared with the other groups ( P < .05). Conclusion: In an MIA-induced arthritis model, pure PRP injection was the most effective treatment for reduction of pain-related behavior and inhibition of synovial inflammation and pain sensitization. Clinical Relevance: PRP formulations should be optimized for each specific disease. This study shows the superiority of pure PRP for treatment of arthritis and joint pain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document