scholarly journals Feasibility of Doppler Ultrasound for Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Monitoring During Major Non-cardiac Surgery of Newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Costerus ◽  
Anna J. Kortenbout ◽  
Hendrik J. Vos ◽  
Paul Govaert ◽  
Dick Tibboel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Neonatal Surgery ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Pulsed Wave Doppler ◽  
Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow

Background and Aim: Newborns needing major surgical intervention are at risk of brain injury and impaired neurodevelopment later in life. Disturbance of cerebral perfusion might be an underlying factor. This study investigates the feasibility of serial transfontanellar ultrasound measurements of the pial arteries during neonatal surgery, and whether perioperative changes in cerebral perfusion can be observed and related to changes in the perioperative management.Methods: In this prospective, observational feasibility study, neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and esophageal atresia scheduled for surgical treatment within the first 28 days of life were eligible for inclusion. We performed transfontanellar directional power Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound during major high-risk non-cardiac neonatal surgery. Pial arteries were of interest for the measurements. Extracted Doppler ultrasound parameters were: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, the resistivity index and pulsatility index.Results: In 10 out of 14 patients it was possible to perform perioperative measurements; the others failed for logistic and technical reasons. In 6 out of 10 patients, it was feasible to perform serial intraoperative transfontanellar ultrasound measurements with directional power Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler of the same pial artery during neonatal surgery. Median peak systolic velocity was ranging between 5.7 and 7.0 cm s−1 and end diastolic velocity between 1.9 and 3.2 cm s−1. In patients with a vasoactive-inotropic score below 12 the trend of peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity corresponded with the mean arterial blood pressure trend.Conclusion: Perioperative transfontanellar ultrasound Doppler measurements of the pial arteries are feasible and provide new longitudinal data about perioperative cortical cerebral blood flow velocity.Trial Registration:https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6972, identifier: NL6972.

scholarly journals Pulsed-wave doppler ultrasound in canine reproductive system – Part 1: technical aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e52510515348
Author(s):  
Camila Franco de Carvalho ◽  
Jéssica Ribeiro Magalhães ◽  
Andreia Moreira Martins ◽  
Kyrla Cartynalle das Dores Silva Guimarães ◽  
Reiner Silveira de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Pulse Repetition Frequency ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Hemodynamic Pattern ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Pulsed Wave Doppler

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the essential technical aspects of implementing the pulsed Doppler, as part of the teachings to their use in the diagnosis of changes in the canine reproductive system. A narrative review was carried out, using scientific articles, monographs, theses and dissertations published and available in online databases: Periodical Capes (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Google Scholar, in addition to specific books on the topic. Two-dimensional ultrasound has been widely used in medicine since 1942, leading to advancements in disease identification and subsequent prognosis. In terms of vascular assessment, Doppler ultrasound is used to evaluate the blood flow inside the vessel, its direction, and hemodynamic pattern. Among all types of Doppler ultrasound, the Color Doppler (CD), Power Doppler (PD), and the Pulsed-wave Doppler (PW) are commonly used in the identification of abnormalities through ultrasound flow imaging and the analysis of hemodynamic indices: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI). To accurately estimate these hemodynamic indices, however, it is essential to know the technical adjustments and parameters such as the pulse repetition frequency (PRF), size of the sample volume (Gate), angle of insonation, gain, baseline, and wall filter, which need to be corrected to avoid technician derive artifacts such as aliasing, signal absence, and mirror imaging. In medicine, the use of Doppler Mode in reproductive functions is already well established, but its use in veterinary medicine is still a subject of recent studies.

scholarly journals Transabdominal Doppler ultrasound evaluation of blood flow patterns of the uterine arteries in cervical cancer patients in Zaria, North-Western Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Garba ◽  
M.Z. Ibrahim ◽  
S. Lawal ◽  
N.D. Chom ◽  
P.O. Ibinaiye
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Cervical cancer remains an important health issue especially in the developing countries that account for about 85% of the world burden of cervical cancer. Finding a role for Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of these patients, may reduce the cost and improve access to management. This study was aimed at evaluating the Doppler flow parameters in patients with cervical cancer when compared to normal subjects. This was a prospective case control, descriptive and observational study conducted in radiology department, ABU Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Eighty-one patients with cervical cancer and 81 age-matched controls had transabdominal Doppler ultrasound examination of the main uterine arteries. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 Chicago Illinois USA. Difference between two groups was tested using student ttest and P<0.05 considered as statistically significant. The mean Resistivity Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI) were significantly lower in patients with cervical cancer than the control (P<0.0001). The mean end diastolic velocity was significantly higher in patients than the control (P<0.0001). There was however no significant difference in the mean peak systolic velocity in patients and control (P=0.97). The findings have demonstrated that significant differences exist in the uterine artery Doppler flow parameters in patients with cervical cancer compared to the healthy controls. This emphasizes the role of Doppler scan in the evaluation and management of patients with cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Signal processing techniques for operator independent Doppler ultrasound : potential for use in transcranial Doppler ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Ultrasound Monitoring ◽  
3D Power Doppler ◽  
Doppler Angle ◽  
Flow Phantom ◽  
Pulsed Wave Doppler

2D Doppler ultrasound can be used for continuous monitoring of vasospasm. However, the use of Doppler ultrasound suffers from operator dependence requiring a skilled ultrasonographer to make Doppler angle corrections. The aim of the research is to minimize the need of dedicated ultrasonographers for Doppler ultrasound monitoring of cerebral vasospasms. In this thesis, three studies including a steady flow phantom, pulsatile flow phantom and in vivo human internal carotid artery (ICA) were completed with the use of 3D Doppler ultrasound. The 3D vascular structure of the phantom and ICA were obtained using binary skeletonization from 3D power Doppler images. The vascular structure was used in combination with angle independent pulsed-wave Doppler to reconstruct the temporal blood velocity profiles at various parts of the vasculature. The results indicate that Doppler angle corrections can be minimized with the use of 3D Doppler ultrasound, and operator independent monitoring of blood flow is possible.

scholarly journals Penile vascular diagnostic categorization using penile duplex Doppler ultrasound: Differences in vascular hemodynamics parameters by differences in anatomic sampling location

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Pezzoni ◽  
Fabrizio Ildefonso Scroppo
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Prostaglandin E1 ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Double Sampling ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Intracavernosal Injection ◽  
Duplex Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Duplex Doppler

Objectives. In 2013 the International Society for Sexual Medicine(ISSM) published the guidelines regarding the standard operating procedure (SOP) for penile duplex Doppler ultrasound (PDDU). Although ISSM-SOP have given important strides in reducing interobserver variability in PDDU by procedural protocol and parameters these guidelines do not address the anatomic location along the penis at which hemodynamic measurements have to be done. In our opinion a “double sampling” may be interesting to detect the arteriogenic or venogenic nature of the erectile dysfunction (ED). In particular sampling measurements at the “crus” (at the level of the peno-scrotal junction) may be significative for detection of veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD),whereas an evaluation at “mid penis” (1/2 distance between peno-scrotal junction and coronal sulcus), may be useful to diagnose an arterial insufficiency (AI). Material and Methods. We evalued 90 men, mean age 56.3, affected with ED of medium degree, responder to PDE5-I that urdergone to PDDU and also responder after pharmacologic intracavernosal injection (PII)of prostaglandin E1 20 mcg, with rigid erection and normal maintenance. We moreover evalued 90 men in youthful age (mean 35.2), in absence of vascular risk factors, no responder to PDE5-I that undergone to PDDU by PII at high dosage (bimix: prostaglandin E1 20 mcg, papaverine 20 mg). Results. In the first pool the sampling at “mid penis” resulted significative for arterial insuffciency (AI) in 81% (73), in presence of normal or borderline end diastolic velocity (EDV). Sampling at the “crus” resulted negative for VOD in 90% (81). In the second pool, 66.6% (60) resulted responder with rigid erection and normal maintenance in presence of normal hemodynamic parameters: peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) both at the “crus” and at “mid penis” sampling. 33.4% (30) responded with a semirigid erection and manifested a constant deficit of maintenance; at the “crus”and at “mid penis” the hemodynamic arterial parameters resulted normal. At the “crus” the EDV resulted significantly augmented (VOD index) in 96.6% (29); at “mid penis” augmented EDV was founded in 50% (15). Conclusions. These observational data would be able to confirm the utility of a routinary “double sampling” procedure, at the “crus” and at “md penis”, during PDDU in order to better distinguish between VOD or AI or in any case to be useful to stimulate a future more precise standardization in execution of PDDU examination.

High-Resolution Ultrasound-Guided Perforator Mapping and Characterization by the Microsurgeon in Lower Limb Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kehrer ◽  
Paul I. Heidekrueger ◽  
Daniel Lonic ◽  
Christian D. Taeger ◽  
Silvan Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Perforator Flap ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Diastolic Velocity

Abstract Background Preoperative ultrasound (US)-guided perforator mapping has immensely simplified perforator flap planning. It may be executed by the microsurgeon. Device settings and selection of ultrasound modes are of utmost significance for detection of low-flow microvessels. The following study evaluates different US modes. Methods A prospective complete data acquisition was performed from July 2018 to June 2019 in a subset of patients who underwent US-guided flap planning. Multifrequency linear transducers were used applying five US modes. Brightness (B)-mode, color flow (CF), power Doppler (PD), pulse wave (PW), and B-flow modes were evaluated regarding applicability by microsurgeons. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI) were chosen to evaluate flow characteristics. US results were correlated to intraoperative findings. Results A total number of eight patients (six males and two females) undergoing anterolateral thigh (ALT) or superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap surgery received an extensive standardized US-guided perforator characterization. Qualitative evaluation was performed in B-mode, color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS), PD, and B-flow mode. Quantitative assessment was executed using PW-mode and CCDS measuring the microvessels' diameter (mm) and flow characteristics (PSV, EDV, and RI). CCDS provided a mean diameter of 1.93 mm (range: 1.2–2.8 ± 0.51), a mean systolic peak of 16.9 cm/s (range: 9.9–33.4 ± 7.79), and mean RI of 0.71 (range: 0.55–0.87 ± 0.09) for lower limb perforators. All perforators located with US were verified by intraoperative findings. An optimized, time-effective US mapping algorithm was derived. Qualitative parameters may be evaluated with B-mode, CF, or B-flow. Smallest microvessels may be assessed in PD-mode. Lowering pulse-repetition frequency (PRF)/scale is mandatory to image low-flow microvessels as perforators. Quantitative information may be obtained using PW-mode and the distance-measuring tool in CF-mode. Image and video materials are provided. Conclusion CCDS proved to be a powerful tool for preoperative perforator characterization when using a structured approach and mapping algorithm. Different techniques may be applied for specific visualizations and performed by the microsurgeon.

546 Assessment of predictors of abnormal peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity in penile doppler ultrasound

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. S326-S327
Author(s):  
M. Habous ◽  
S. Giona ◽  
B. Williamson ◽  
Z. Mekawi ◽  
Z. Abdelrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Diastolic Velocity

scholarly journals Determination of Testicular Blood Flow in Camelids Using Vascular Casting and Color Pulsed-Wave Doppler Ultrasonography

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kutzler ◽  
Reid Tyson ◽  
Monica Grimes ◽  
Karen Timm
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Testicular Artery ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Testicular Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsed Wave Doppler

We describe the vasculature of the camelid testis using plastic casting. We also use color pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography to measure testicular blood flow and compare the differences between testicular blood flow in fertile and infertile camelids. The testicular artery originates from the ventral surface of the aorta, gives rise to an epididymal branch, and becomes very tortuous as it approaches the testis. Within the supratesticular arteries, peak systolic velocity (PSV) was higher in fertile males compared to infertile males (P=0.0004). In addition, end diastolic velocity (EDV) within the supratesticular arteries was higher for fertile males when compared to infertile males (P=0.0325). Within the marginal arteries, PSV was also higher in fertile males compared to infertile males (P=0.0104). However, EDV within the marginal arteries was not significantly different between fertile and infertile males (P=0.121). In addition, the resistance index was not significantly different between fertile and infertile males within the supratesticular (P=0.486) and marginal arteries (P=0.144). The significance of this research is that in addition to information obtained from a complete reproductive evaluation, a male camelid's fertility can be determined using testicular blood flow measured by Doppler ultrasonography.

scholarly journals Transcranial Doppler Sonography for Detecting Stenosis or Occlusion of Intracranial Arteries in People with Acute Ischemic Stroke in Neurocritical Care Unit.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Diastolic Velocity

Introduction: A Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is an inexpensive noninvasive ultrasonography technique that helps provide a rapid real time measure of blood flow from the basal intracerebral vessels, which may be used for the diagnosis and follow-up of cerebrovascular disease. By placing the ultrasound probe on the scalp; it utilizes low frequency soundwaves to record cerebral blood flow velocity, and its change in multiple conditions. Technology offers several diagnostic tests available in the evaluation and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). Transcranial ultrasonography may represent a valuable tool for patients with CVD in neurocritical care unit. However due to geographic, financial or patient tolerance of procedures, physicians may be limited to the tools they can utilize. Method: Diagnostic accuracy of transcranial ultrasonography in acute stroke was subjected to systematic review. This study will set to demonstrate that the Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound is a viable piece of technology, which overcomes barriers mentioned in both the diagnosis and treatment of CVD. Cerebral flow peak systolic velocity (CBFVs), mean flow velocity (CBFVm), and the end diastolic velocity CBFVd) values are three components, which characterize the spectral waveform derived from TCD. These flow velocities provide valuable physiologic perspectives in various intracranial pathologies. We have demonstrated TCD to be highly predictive of evidence of vasospasm in patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with a 95% confidence interval. In patients with traumatic brain injury, TCD has been shown to be effective with a 95% confidence interval in the assessment of intracranial pressure and cerebral flow velocity. For strokes, TCD was shown to be effective with an overall sensitivity of 83% for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ischemic strokes. Results: Due to its portability, affordability, and noninvasive application along with the high confidence intervals seen in our study, our data suggests the successful application of TCD in various pathologies in both diagnosis and monitoring of patients with various CVD.

Color Doppler Ultrasound Imaging in the Assessment of Iliac Endofibrosis

Angiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio D’Abate ◽  
Kosmas I. Paraskevas ◽  
Crispian Oates ◽  
Roger Palfreeman ◽  
Robert J. Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Arterial Lumen ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Doppler Waveform ◽  
Limiting Condition

Endofibrosis (EF) of the iliac arteries is a flow-limiting condition typically seen in highly trained endurance athletes. Thirty-seven athletes (74 limbs) were referred to our department with suspected EF. All patients had a pre- and postexercise color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) of the iliac arteries. Doppler waveform and peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were assessed pre- and postexercise. Endofibrosis was diagnosed with CDU in 24 athletes (29 limbs). Arterial wall and course abnormalities were detected at rest in 20 (67%) symptomatic limbs of athletes with and 4 (22%) symptomatic limbs of athletes without EF. Postexercise abnormal waveforms of the stenotic/damped type were seen in the iliac arteries in all 29 limbs of athletes diagnosed with EF. These waveform changes were accompanied by high PSV (>350 cm/s) and EDV (>150 cm/s), with (n = 10; 34%) or without (n = 19; 66%) the evidence of reduced arterial lumen caliber. Color Doppler ultrasound can be used to detect EF.

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