Hepatotoxicity Comparison of Crude and Licorice-Processed Euodiae Fructus in Rats With Stomach Excess-Cold Syndrome

In recent years, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become an important issue of public health. Euodiae Fructus (EF) is a commonly used herb with mild toxicity in clinic, and large doses of EF can cause significant liver damage. Licorice processing might reduce the hepatotoxicity of CEF (crude EF), but up to now, studies on the hepatotoxicity of EF have been hardly reported, let alone its material basis and mechanism of detoxification by licorice processing. This work firstly established a stomach excess-cold syndrome animal model induced by intragastric administration of cold Zhimu (Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge). Secondly, multiple approaches and indexes were used to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of the drugs in the rats including general behavior, biochemical analysis, protein expressions, and histopathological examination. Thirdly, the hepatotoxicity of three doses of three CEF and LPEF (licorice-processed EF) extracts was systematically investigated, and the hepatotoxicity differences were analyzed and compared comprehensively among the three extracts, three doses, and CEF and LPEF. Finally, the connotation of detoxification of EF by licorice processing was preliminarily discussed according to the changes in toxic components after processing, toxicological characteristics, and TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) theory. All extracts of EF were found to have dose-dependent hepatotoxicity, and the toxicity was in the descending order of water extract, ethanol extract, and volatile oil. The hepatotoxic mechanism of EF may be related to peroxidation damage, inflammatory factor, and mitochondrial injury. The CEF hepatotoxicity can be significantly reduced by licorice processing. EF should be safe for short-term use at pharmacopeial dose under the guidance of the TCM theory. The detoxification mechanism is probably related to the reduction of toxic components and antagonistic action of licorice.

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Solvent Extraction and Phytochemical Screening of Seeds, Coats, Pods and Leaves of Moringa Plant

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.33140/jpr.06.02.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Water Extract ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Plant Samples ◽

Bioactive Ingredients

The potency of six different solvents in extracting phytochemicals from the seeds, coats, pods and leaves of moringa plant was investigated. The seeds, coats, pods and leaves of the plant were cut into smaller pieces, air-dried, ground into powdery sample, sieved with 40 mm mesh size and properly labelled. Each sample was individually extracted using six different solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, water and acetone) at ratio 1: 10 for 72 h. Each solvent extract was screened for twelve phytochemicals (alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, cardiac glycoside, reducing sugar, tannin, quinone, volatile oil, phenol, terpenoid, phlobatannin and steroid). It was observed that the seeds and leaves of moringa plant were richest in phytochemicals followed by moringa pods and the least was in moringa coat. In all the six solvents used, thirty-four bioactive ingredients were detected in seeds and leaves of moringa plant while twenty-eight phytochemicals were obtained in moringa pods and twenty-one bioactive ingredients were gotten from moringa coats. In all the plant samples, twenty-three bioactive ingredient were detected in ethanol extract; twenty-one were obtained in each of acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts; water extract had sixteen phytochemicals and chloroform extract had fifteen bioactive ingredients. Among the solvents used for extraction for all the plant samples, ethanol ranked first while acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol ranked second, water ranked third and chloroform was the least in ranking.

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Leberschaden unter oraler Antikoagulation, Statin- und ACE-Hemmertherapie

Praxis ◽

10.1024/1661-8157/a000298 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 99 (21) ◽

pp. 1259-1265 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bruggisser ◽

Terraciano ◽

Rätz Bravo ◽

Haschke

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Wird Eine ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Drug Induced Liver Injury

Ein 71-jähriger Patient stellt sich mit Epistaxis und ikterischen Skleren auf der Notfallstation vor. Der Patient steht unter einer Therapie mit Phenprocoumon, Atorvastatin und Perindopril. Anamnestisch besteht ein langjähriger Alkoholabusus. Laborchemisch werden massiv erhöhte Leberwerte (ALAT, Bilirubin) gesehen. Der INR ist unter oraler Antikoagulation und bei akuter Leberinsuffizienz >12. Die weiterführenden Abklärungen schliessen eine Virushepatitis und eine Autoimmunhepatitis aus. Nachdem eine Leberbiopsie durchgeführt werden kann, wird eine medikamentös-toxische Hepatitis, ausgelöst durch die Komedikation von Atorvastatin, Phenprocoumon und Perindopril bei durch Alkohol bereits vorgeschädigter Leber diagnostiziert. Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie und Klink der medikamentös induzierten Leberschäden (drug induced liver injury, DILI), speziell von Coumarinen, Statinen und ACE-Hemmern werden im Anschluss an den Fallbericht diskutiert.

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