scholarly journals The PENELOPE Physics Models and Transport Mechanics. Implementation into Geant4

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Asai ◽  
Miguel A. Cortés-Giraldo ◽  
Vicent Giménez-Alventosa ◽  
Vicent Giménez Gómez ◽  
Francesc Salvat
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Code Structure ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Fortran Code ◽  
Energy Transfers ◽  
Wide Energy ◽  
Electron Photon

A translation of the penelope physics subroutines to C++, designed as an extension of the Geant4 toolkit, is presented. The Fortran code system penelope performs Monte Carlo simulation of coupled electron-photon transport in arbitrary materials for a wide energy range, nominally from 50 eV up to 1 GeV. Penelope implements the most reliable interaction models that are currently available, limited only by the required generality of the code. In addition, the transport of electrons and positrons is simulated by means of an elaborate class II scheme in which hard interactions (involving deflection angles or energy transfers larger than pre-defined cutoffs) are simulated from the associated restricted differential cross sections. After a brief description of the interaction models adopted for photons and electrons/positrons, we describe the details of the class-II algorithm used for tracking electrons and positrons. The C++ classes are adapted to the specific code structure of Geant4. They provide a complete description of the interactions and transport mechanics of electrons/positrons and photons in arbitrary materials, which can be activated from the G4ProcessManager to produce simulation results equivalent to those from the original penelope programs. The combined code, named PenG4, benefits from the multi-threading capabilities and advanced geometry and statistical tools of Geant4.

X-Ray Microanalysis with Penelope

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
F. Salvat ◽  
L. Sorbier ◽  
X. Llovet ◽  
E. Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Energy ◽  
Numerical Generation ◽  
Electron Photon ◽  
Homogeneous Regions ◽  
Semiempirical Models ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Monte Carlo simulation is a suitable tool for the numerical generation of x-ray spectra by electron beams and, more specifically, for the quantification in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). in this communication we describe the application of the general-purpose code PENELOPE to EPMA. This code simulates electron-photon showers in complex material structures consisting of homogeneous regions of arbitrary composition limited by quadric surfaces. It is devised to cover a wide energy range (from ∼500 eV to about 1 GeV). The interaction models implemented in PENELOPE are based on the most reliable information available. They combine results from first principles calculations (this is the case, e.g., for electron elastic scattering, photon Compton scattering), semiempirical models (in electron inelastic scattering) and information from evaluated data bases. to facilitate the random sampling, the cross sections of various interaction mechanisms are described through analytical expressions, which are adjusted to yield accurate values of relevant transport properties (mass attenuation coefficients, transport mean free paths, stopping powers, . . . ).

Differential and integral electron scattering cross sections from tetrahydrofuran (THF) over a wide energy range: 1–10 000 eV

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina C. Fuss ◽  
Ana G. Sanz ◽  
Francisco Blanco ◽  
Paulo Limão-Vieira ◽  
Michael J. Brunger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Scattering Cross ◽  
Wide Energy ◽  
Scattering Cross Sections

Channel-specific dielectronic recombination of Ge(XXXII), Se(XXXIV), and Kr(XXXVI)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
G El Machtoub
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Dielectronic Recombination ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Wide Energy

We present explicit calculations of channel-specific dielectronic recombination cross sections for hydrogen-like germanium, Ge(XXXII); selenium, Se(XXXIV); and krypton, Kr(XXXVI). The convoluted cross sections characterize K-shell emission spectra over a wide energy range where contributions from high-n (n = 2–10), satellite lines are included. The high-n contributions presented are important for better diagnostics in the domain of high-temperature plasmas. PACS Nos.: 32.30.Rj, 32.70.Rm, 34.70.te

scholarly journals Running axial mass of the nucleon as a phenomenological tool for calculating quasielastic neutrino–nucleus cross sections

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor D. Kakorin ◽  
Konstantin S. Kuzmin ◽  
Vadim A. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Axial Vector ◽  
Neutrino Energy ◽  
Neutrino Interaction ◽  
Charged Current ◽  
Event Generator ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Final State ◽  
Axial Mass ◽  
Wide Energy

AbstractWe suggest an empirical rule-of-thumb for calculating the cross sections of charged-current quasielastic (CCQE) and CCQE-like interactions of neutrinos and antineutrinos with nuclei. The approach is based on the standard relativistic Fermi-gas model and on the notion of neutrino energy dependent axial-vector mass of the nucleon, governed by a couple of adjustable parameters, one of which is the conventional charged-current axial-vector mass. The inelastic background contributions and final-state interactions are therewith simulated using GENIE 3 neutrino event generator. An extensive comparison of our calculations with earlier and current accelerator CCQE and CCQE-like data for different nuclear targets shows good or at least qualitative overall agreement over a wide energy range. We also discuss some problematical issues common to several competing contemporary models of the CCQE (anti)neutrino–nucleus scattering and to the current neutrino interaction generators.

scholarly journals Cross sections and production yields of 117mSn and other radionuclides generated in natural and enriched antimony with protons up to 145 MeV

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Ermolaev ◽  
Boris L. Zhuikov ◽  
Vladimir M. Kokhanyuk ◽  
Victor L. Matushko ◽  
Suresh C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Stacked Foil Technique ◽  
Wide Energy ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Medical Radionuclide ◽  
Foil Technique ◽  
Main Impurity

AbstractCross sections of a prospective medical radionuclide 117mSn along with 113Sn, 120m,122Sb, 111,114mIn and 118,119m,119g,121m,121g,123mTe generated in natural and enriched antimony targets by protons in a wide energy range up to 145 MeV were determined. A stacked-foil technique followed by gas chemical separation and γ-ray spectrometry were used. The obtained data were compared with experimental values reported in literature and with theoretical computations by ALICE, TALYS and Cascade-Evaporation-Fission codes. Production yields of 117mSn and the main impurity 113Sn were estimated for different irradiation modes.

Role of inelastic couplings in the 4He + 208Pb elastic scattering in a wide energy range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Chamon ◽  
Leandro Romero Gasques ◽  
Juan Carlos Zamora Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Nucleon Nucleon ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Wide Energy

Abstract The phenomenological strengths of the real part of the optical potential, obtained from elastic scattering data analyses within the optical model approach, present significant energy-dependence. This behavior has been associated to the intrinsic energy-dependence of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction. However, in earlier works, we proposed that at least part of this dependence can arise from the effect of couplings to inelastic states of the nuclei. In order to deepen this study, in this paper we present extensive data analyses for the elastic scattering and inelastic excitation of 111 states of 208Pb, for the 4He + 208Pb system in a wide energy range. With the purpose of comparison, the theoretical cross sections are obtained in different approaches for the imaginary part of the potential, and within both contexts: optical model (distorted wave Born approximation) and coupled-channel calculations.

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