scholarly journals Comparison of Digestive Enzyme Activities and Expression of Small Intestinal Transporter Genes in Jinhua and Landrace Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuting Liu ◽  
Wentao Lyu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Kaikai Lv ◽  
Fen Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Small Intestinal

Digestive enzyme activity is involved in the regulation of growth performance because digestive enzymes function to improve the feed efficiency by digestion and in turn to modulate the process of nutrient metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences of the digestive enzyme activities and expression of nutrient transporters in the intestinal tract between Jinhua and Landrace pigs and to explore the potential breed-specificity in digestion and absorption. The pancreas segments and the digesta and mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected from 10 Jinhua pigs and Landrace pigs, respectively. The activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase were measured and the expression levels of PepT1, GLUT2, SGLT1, FABP1, FABP2, and FABP4 were examined. Results showed that the trypsin activity in the pancreas of Jinhua pigs was higher than that in Landrace pigs, but was lower in the small intestine, except for in the jejunal mucosa. The chymotrypsin activity in the small intestine of Jinhua pigs was higher than that in Landrace pigs, except for in jejunal mucosa and contents. Compared with Landrace pigs, the amylase and maltase activity in the small intestine of Jinhua pigs was lower, except for in ileal mucosa. The sucrase activity in the small intestine of Jinhua pigs was also lower than Landrace pigs, except for in jejunal mucosa. Furthermore, the lipase activity in the small intestine of Jinhua pigs was higher than that in Landrace pigs. The mRNA levels of PepT1 and GLUT2 in duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosa showed no difference between Jinhua and Landrace pigs, whereas SGLT1 in ileal mucosa was lower in Jinhua pigs. The mRNA levels of FABP1, FABP2 and FABP4 in the small intestinal mucosa of Jinhua pigs were higher than in Landrace pigs. These findings indicate that there is a certain difference in the digestibility and absorption of nutrients in small intestine of Jinhua and Landrace pigs, partially resulting in their differences in growth development and fat deposition.

scholarly journals PSIX-7 Grazing toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue does not influence pancreatic or small intestinal digestive enzyme activities in beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Ronald J Trotta ◽  
James L Klotz ◽  
James Matthews ◽  
Kendall C Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue exposure on pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzyme activities in steers. Twelve fescue-naive beef steers [693 ± 42.7 kg of body weight (BW)] were stratified by BW and randomly assigned within BW ranks to graze non-toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (NTE, n = 6; 0.01 ± 0.009 mg ergovaline + ergovalinine/kg) or toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (TE, n = 6; 0.50 ± 0.048 mg ergovaline + ergovalinine/kg) pastures for 84 d. After the grazing period, steers were weighed and then slaughtered in three groups for tissue collection. A 1-m segment of the small intestine was collected 5-m distal to the pyloric sphincter. Subsamples of the small intestinal mucosa and pancreas were collected, homogenized in saline, and assayed for protein concentration. Pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzyme activities were assayed. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS as a randomized complete block design for effects of treatment and slaughter group (blocking factor). Steers grazing NTE pastures had a greater (P < 0.001) average daily gain (0.282 vs -0.631 kg/d) and final BW at slaughter (739 vs 620 kg) than steers grazing TE pastures. Small intestinal segment mass and mucosal density (P ≥ 0.16) were not influenced by treatment. Grazing TE pasture did not influence (P ≥ 0.21) pancreatic or small intestinal protein concentrations. Pancreatic α-amylase and trypsin activity per gram pancreas (P ≥ 0.21) or per gram pancreatic protein (P ≥ 0.30) were not influenced by fescue treatment. Small intestinal glucoamylase, isomaltase, and maltase activities did not differ between steers grazing NTE or TE pastures when expressed per gram of intestinal tissue (P ≥ 0.47) or per gram of intestinal protein (P ≥ 0.60). These data indicate that decreased gains observed in cattle consuming TE are not a result of decreased pancreatic or small intestinal digestive enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Restriction During Midgestation to Late Gestation on Maternal and Fetal Postruminal Carbohydrase Activities in Sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J Trotta ◽  
Manuel A Vasquez-Hidalgo ◽  
Kimberly A Vonnahme ◽  
Kendall C Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract To examine the effects of nutrient restriction during midgestation to late gestation on maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities, 41 singleton ewes (48.3 ± 0.6 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 100% (control; CON; n = 20) or 60% of nutrient requirements (restricted; RES; n = 21) from day 50 until day 90 (midgestation). At day 90, 14 ewes (CON, n = 7; RES, n = 7) were euthanized. The remaining ewes were subjected to treatments of nutrient restriction or remained on a control diet from day 90 until day 130 (late gestation): CON-CON (n = 6), CON-RES (n = 7), RES-CON (n = 7), and RES-RES (n = 7) and were euthanized on day 130. The fetal and maternal pancreas and small intestines were weighed, subsampled, and assayed for digestive enzyme activity. One unit (U) of enzyme activity is equal to 1 µmol of product produced per minute for amylase, glucoamylase, lactase, and trypsin and 0.5 µmol of product produced per minute for maltase and isomaltase. Nutrient restriction during midgestation and late gestation decreased (P < 0.05) maternal pancreatic and small intestinal mass but did not affect fetal pancreatic or small intestinal mass. Maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation decreased (P = 0.03) fetal pancreatic trypsin content (U/pancreas) and tended to decrease (P < 0.08) fetal pancreatic trypsin concentration (U/g), specific activity (U/g protein), and content relative to BW (U/kg of BW). Nutrient restriction of gestating ewes decreased the total content of α-amylase (P = 0.04) and tended to decrease total content of trypsin (P = 0.06) and protein (P = 0.06) in the maternal pancreas on day 90. Nutrient restriction during midgestation on day 90 and during late gestation on day 130 decreased (P = 0.04) maternal pancreatic α-amylase-specific activity. Sucrase activity was undetected in the fetal and maternal small intestine. Nutrient restriction during late gestation increased (P = 0.01) maternal small intestinal maltase and lactase concentration and tended to increase (P = 0.06) isomaltase concentration. Realimentation during late gestation after nutrient restriction during midgestation increased lactase concentration (P = 0.04) and specific activity (P = 0.05) in the fetal small intestine. Fetal small intestinal maltase, isomaltase, and glucoamylase did not respond to maternal nutrient restriction. These data indicate that some maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities may change in response to maternal nutrient restriction.

scholarly journals 219 Effects of maternal nutrient restriction and rumen-protected arginine supplementation on post-ruminal digestive enzyme activities of lamb offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
Ronald J Trotta ◽  
Faithe E Keomanivong ◽  
Jena L Bjertness ◽  
Joel S Caton ◽  
Kendall C Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

Abstract To determine the effects of maternal nutrient restriction and rumen-protected arginine supplementation on post-ruminal digestive enzymes in lambs, 31 multiparous, Rambouillet ewes were allocated to one of three dietary treatments at 54 d of gestation. Dietary treatments were 100% of nutrient requirements (control, CON; n=11), 60% of control (restricted, RES; n=10), or RES plus a rumen-protected arginine supplement dosed at 180 mg/kg BW once daily (RES-ARG; n=10). At parturition, lambs were immediately removed from dams and reared independently. Milk-replacer and alfalfa hay + creep feed was offered for ad libitum intake. At day 54 of age, lambs were slaughtered and the pancreas and small intestine were collected. Pancreatic (α-amylase, trypsin) and small intestinal (maltase, glucoamylase, sucrase, isomaltase, lactase) digestive enzyme activities were assayed. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS with treatment and fetal sex included in the model statement. Contrast statements were used to determine differences between means for effects of restriction (CON vs. RES and RES-ARG) and rumen-protected arginine supplementation (RES vs. RES-ARG). There was no influence (P≥0.32) of maternal nutrient restriction or rumen-protected arginine supplementation on pancreatic or small intestinal protein concentrations. No treatment effects were observed (P≥0.14) for enzymes involved in starch digestion including pancreatic α-amylase and small intestinal maltase, glucoamylase, and isomaltase. Sucrase activity was undetected in the small intestine of lambs across all treatments. Maternal nutrient restriction tended to increase (P=0.09) pancreatic trypsin specific activity in lambs. Lactase specific activity in the small intestine of lambs tended to decrease (P=0.08) with maternal nutrient restriction. Rumen-protected arginine supplementation to gestating ewes did not influence (P≥0.19) digestive enzyme activities of lamb offspring. These data suggest that maternal nutrient restriction may result in increased pancreatic trypsin activity of lambs to potentially compensate for inadequate pre-natal nutrient supply.

scholarly journals Effects of spermine on ileal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, metabolic profile and large intestinal bacteria in piglets

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 26709-26716
Author(s):  
Guangmang Liu ◽  
Weiwei Mo ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Xianjian Wu ◽  
Gang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine.

Muscarinic Acetycholine Receptors of the Small Intestine and Pancreas of the Rat: Distribution and the Effect of Vagotomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. T. Isaacs ◽  
J. S. Whitehead ◽  
Y. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Cholinergic Receptors ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Mucosal Innervation ◽  
Quinuclidinyl Benzilate

1. The distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChR), detected by atropine-inhibitable binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, was examined in membrane fractions of pancreas, small intestinal muscle, mucosa, villi and crypts of sham-operated and vagotomized rats. 2. Specific (atropine inhibitable) [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding was greater to the ileal mucosa than to jejunal mucosa or to duodenal mucosa, but binding to crypt and villus fractions was not significantly different. This distribution of specific [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding suggests that cholinergic mucosal innervation is more important in the ileum than the jejunum. 3. Vagotomy produced a decrease in the amount of specific [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to duodenal mucosa only, suggesting that parasympathetic denervation of the small intestine does not cause mucosal hypersensitivity to acetylcholine by an increase in mAChR.

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