scholarly journals Digital Image Analysis Tools Developed by the Indiana O’Brien Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Optical Sectioning ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Subcellular Resolution

The scale and complexity of images collected in biological microscopy have grown enormously over the past 30 years. The development and commercialization of multiphoton microscopy has promoted a renaissance of intravital microscopy, providing a window into cell biology in vivo. New methods of optical sectioning and tissue clearing now enable biologists to characterize entire organs at subcellular resolution. New methods of multiplexed imaging support simultaneous localization of forty or more probes at a time. Exploiting these exciting new techniques has increasingly required biomedical researchers to master procedures of image analysis that were once the specialized province of imaging experts. A primary goal of the Indiana O’Brien Center has been to develop robust and accessible image analysis tools for biomedical researchers. Here we describe biomedical image analysis software developed by the Indiana O’Brien Center over the past 25 years.

scholarly journals The first decade of using multiphoton microscopy for high-power kidney imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. F227-F233 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Peti-Peterdi ◽  
James L. Burford ◽  
Matthias J. Hackl
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Optical Sectioning ◽  
Intact Mouse ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kidney Imaging

In this review, we highlight the major scientific breakthroughs in kidney research achieved using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and summarize the milestones in the technological development of kidney MPM during the past 10 years. Since more and more renal laboratories invest in MPM worldwide, we discuss future directions and provide practical, useful tips and examples for the application of this still-emerging optical sectioning technology. Advantages of using MPM in various kidney preparations that range from freshly dissected individual glomeruli or the whole kidney in vitro to MPM of the intact mouse and rat kidney in vivo are reviewed. Potential combinations of MPM with micromanipulation techniques including microperfusion and micropuncture are also included. However, we emphasize the most advanced and complex, quantitative in vivo imaging applications as the ultimate use of MPM since the true mandate of this technology is to look inside intact organs in live animals and humans.

The sleeping beauty kissed awake: new methods in electron microscopy to study cellular membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Chlanda ◽  
Jacomine Krijnse Locker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Sleeping Beauty ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Infected Cells

Electron microscopy (EM) for biological samples, developed in the 1940–1950s, changed our conception about the architecture of eukaryotic cells. It was followed by a period where EM applied to cell biology had seemingly fallen asleep, even though new methods with important implications for modern EM were developed. Among these was the discovery that samples can be preserved by chemical fixation and most importantly by rapid freezing without the formation of crystalline ice, giving birth to the world of cryo-EM. The past 15–20 years are hallmarked by a tremendous interest in EM, driven by important technological advances. Cryo-EM, in particular, is now capable of revealing structures of proteins at a near-atomic resolution owing to improved sample preparation methods, microscopes and cameras. In this review, we focus on the challenges associated with the imaging of membranes by EM and give examples from the field of host–pathogen interactions, in particular of virus-infected cells. Despite the advantages of imaging membranes under native conditions in cryo-EM, conventional EM will remain an important complementary method, in particular if large volumes need to be imaged.

scholarly journals New Approaches to Treat Sepsis: Animal Models «Do Not Work» (Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Cavaillon
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Approaches

Like many other pathological infectious processes, sepsis is mainly studied in vivo using mice models. Over the past 30 years, such studies have led to significant achievements in understanding of the sepsis pathophysiology. However, unfortunately, none of them led to any «discoveries» in the treatment of patients. In this review, we question the relevance of the experimental models applied, list some aspects rarely taken into account and discuss ways to resolve the deadlock.The text is a translation of the article: Cavail-lon J. M. New methods of treating sepsis: failure of animal models, Bull. Assoc. Anc. El. Inst. Pastor, 2017, 59,230, 58—60. Translation from French by «Akademperevod», Moscow, Russia.

Stem cells of the oesophageal epithelium

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1783-1789
Author(s):  
John P. Seery
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Cancers arising in the oesophageal epithelium are among the most common fatal tumors in the world. Despite this, comparatively little is known about the cell biology and organization of this tissue. Recently, in vitro and in vivo techniques developed over the past 30 years for the study of the epidermis have been applied to the study of the oesophageal epithelium. This approach, combined with data from previous histochemical studies, has lead to the identification and isolation of putative oesophageal epithelial stem cells. Oesophageal epithelial stem cells demonstrate several unusual properties, and their identification may facilitate studies on oesophageal carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Intravital imaging of orthotopic and ectopic bone

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Hashimoto ◽  
Takashi Kaito ◽  
Junichi Kikuta ◽  
Masaru Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Motion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ectopic Bone

Abstract Bone homeostasis is dynamically regulated by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Visualizing and evaluating the dynamics of bone cells in vivo remain difficult using conventional technologies, including histomorphometry and imaging analysis. Over the past two decades, multiphoton microscopy, which can penetrate thick specimens, has been utilized in the field of biological imaging. Using this innovative technique, the in vivo dynamic motion of bone metabolism-related cells and their interactions has been revealed. In this review, we summarize previous approaches used for bone imaging and provide an overview of current bone tissue imaging methods using multiphoton excitation microscopy.

In Vivo Multiphoton Microscopy of Deep Brain Tissue

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1908-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Levene ◽  
Daniel A. Dombeck ◽  
Karl A. Kasischke ◽  
Raymond P. Molloy ◽  
Watt W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Optical Biopsy ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Subcellular Resolution

Although fluorescence microscopy has proven to be one of the most powerful tools in biology, its application to the intact animal has been limited to imaging several hundred micrometers below the surface. The rest of the animal has eluded investigation at the microscopic level without excising tissue or performing extensive surgery. However, the ability to image with subcellular resolution in the intact animal enables a contextual setting that may be critical for understanding proper function. Clinical applications such as disease diagnosis and optical biopsy may benefit from minimally invasive in vivo approaches. Gradient index (GRIN) lenses with needle-like dimensions can transfer high-quality images many centimeters from the object plane. Here, we show that multiphoton microscopy through GRIN lenses enables minimally invasive, subcellular resolution several millimeters in the anesthetized, intact animal, and we present in vivo images of cortical layer V and hippocampus in the anesthetized Thy1-YFP line H mouse. Microangiographies from deep capillaries and blood vessels containing fluorescein-dextran and quantum dot-labeled serum in wild-type mouse brain are also demonstrated.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy of Enzymes and Enzyme Complexes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Edstrom ◽  
Xiuru Yang ◽  
Mary E. Gurnack ◽  
Marcia A. Miller ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Metabolic Channeling ◽  
Simplistic Notion ◽  
Soluble Enzymes

Many of the questions in biochemistry and cell biology are concerned with the relationships of proteins and other macromolecules in complex arrays which are responsible for carrying out metabolic sequences. The simplistic notion that the enzymes we isolate in soluble form from the cytoplasm were also soluble in vivo is being replaced by the concept that these enzymes occur in organized systems within the cell. In this newer view, the cytoplasm is organized and the “soluble enzymes” are in fact fixed in the cellular space and the only soluble components of the cell are small metabolites, inorganic ions etc. Further support for the concept of metabolic organization is provided by the evidence of metabolic channeling. It has been shown that for some metabolic pathways, the intermediates are not in free diffusion equilibrium with the bulk liquid in the cell but are passed along, more or less directly, from one enzyme to the next.

The Evolution of Lead Extraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Melanie Maytin ◽  
Laurence M Epstein ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Device Management ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Life Threatening

Prior to the introduction of successful intravascular countertraction techniques, options for lead extraction were limited and dedicated tools were non-existent. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with these early extraction techniques limited their application to life-threatening situations such as infection and sepsis. The past 30 years have witnessed significant advances in lead extraction technology, resulting in safer and more efficacious techniques and tools. This evolution occurred out of necessity, similar to the pressure of natural selection weeding out the ineffective and highly morbid techniques while fostering the development of safe, successful and more simple methods. Future developments in lead extraction are likely to focus on new tools that will allow us to provide comprehensive device management and the design of new leads conceived to facilitate future extraction. With the development of these new methods and novel tools, the technique of lead extraction will continue to require operators that are well versed in several methods of extraction. Garnering new skills while remembering the lessons of the past will enable extraction technologies to advance without repeating previous mistakes.

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