scholarly journals Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool for Marine Mammal Research and Care

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ruesch ◽  
J. Chris McKnight ◽  
Andreas Fahlman ◽  
Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham ◽  
Jana M. Kainerstorfer
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wildlife Tracking ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Freely Moving

Developments in wearable human medical and sports health trackers has offered new solutions to challenges encountered by eco-physiologists attempting to measure physiological attributes in freely moving animals. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is one such solution that has potential as a powerful physio-logging tool to assess physiology in freely moving animals. NIRS is a non-invasive optics-based technology, that uses non-ionizing radiation to illuminate biological tissue and measures changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations inside tissues such as skin, muscle, and the brain. The overall footprint of the device is small enough to be deployed in wearable physio-logging devices. We show that changes in hemoglobin concentration can be recorded from bottlenose dolphins and gray seals with signal quality comparable to that achieved in human recordings. We further discuss functionality, benefits, and limitations of NIRS as a standard tool for animal care and wildlife tracking for the marine mammal research community.

scholarly journals Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption following hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 850-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Tichauer ◽  
Derek W. Brown ◽  
Jennifer Hadway ◽  
Ting-Yim Lee ◽  
Keith St. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Extraction Fraction ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia

Impaired oxidative metabolism following hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is believed to be an early indicator of delayed brain injury. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) can be measured by combining near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral deoxy-hemoglobin concentration. The ability of NIRS to measure changes in CMRO2 following HI was investigated in newborn piglets. Nine piglets were subjected to 30 min of HI by occluding both carotid arteries and reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to 8%. An additional nine piglets served as sham-operated controls. Measurements of CBF, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and CMRO2 were obtained at baseline and at 6 h after the HI insult. Of the three parameters, only CMRO2 showed a persistent and significant change after HI. Five minutes after reoxygenation, there was a 28 ± 12% (mean ± SE) decrease in CMRO2, a 72 ± 50% increase in CBF, and a 56 ± 19% decrease in OEF compared with baseline ( P < 0.05). By 30 min postinsult and for the remainder of the study, there were no significant differences in CBF and OEF between control and insult groups, whereas CMRO2 remained depressed throughout the 6-h postinsult period. This study demonstrates that NIRS can measure decreases in CMRO2 caused by HI. The results highlight the potential for NIRS to be used in the neonatal intensive care unit to detect delayed brain damage.

scholarly journals Brain–Computer Interfacing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Kogulan Paulmurugan ◽  
Vimalan Vijayaragavan ◽  
Sayantan Ghosh ◽  
Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽  
Balázs Gulyás
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neuron Function ◽  
Brain Computer Interfacing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Computer Interfacing

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a wearable optical spectroscopy system originally developed for continuous and non-invasive monitoring of brain function by measuring blood oxygen concentration. Recent advancements in brain–computer interfacing allow us to control the neuron function of the brain by combining it with fNIRS to regulate cognitive function. In this review manuscript, we provide information regarding current advancement in fNIRS and how it provides advantages in developing brain–computer interfacing to enable neuron function. We also briefly discuss about how we can use this technology for further applications.

scholarly journals An Overview of Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Applications in the Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9940
Author(s):  
Soo-In Sohn ◽  
Subramani Pandian ◽  
Young-Ju Oh ◽  
John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu ◽  
Hyeon-Jung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Non Destructive

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a more popular approach for quantitative and qualitative analysis of feeds, foods and medicine in conjunction with an arsenal of chemometric tools. This was the foundation for the increased importance of NIRS in other fields, like genetics and transgenic monitoring. A considerable number of studies have utilized NIRS for the effective identification and discrimination of plants and foods, especially for the identification of genetically modified crops. Few previous reviews have elaborated on the applications of NIRS in agriculture and food, but there is no comprehensive review that compares the use of NIRS in the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This is particularly important because, in comparison to previous technologies such as PCR and ELISA, NIRS offers several advantages, such as speed (eliminating time-consuming procedures), non-destructive/non-invasive analysis, and is inexpensive in terms of cost and maintenance. More importantly, this technique has the potential to measure multiple quality components in GMOs with reliable accuracy. In this review, we brief about the fundamentals and versatile applications of NIRS for the effective identification of GMOs in the agricultural and food systems.

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