Physiological, Ecological, and Biochemical Implications in Tomato Plants of Two Plant Biostimulants: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Seaweed Extract

No clear data are available on how flavonoids from different chemical groups affect root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and whether flavonoids affecting the presymbiotic growth of AMF also affect root colonization by AMF. In the present work, we compared the effect of flavones (chrysin and luteolin) and flavonols (kaempferol, morin, isorhamnetin, and rutin) on root colonization (number of entry points and degree of root colonization) of tomato plants ( Lycopersicum esculentum L.) with the effect of these flavonoids on the presymbiotic growth of these AMF, which has been reported in a recent study. With all tested AMF ( Gigaspora rosea , Gigaspora margarita , Glomus mosseae, and Glomus intraradices) a correlation between the number of entry points and the percentage of root colonization was found. When the number of entry points was high, root colonization was also enhanced. Application of the flavones chrysin and luteolin and of the flavonol morin increased the number of entry points and the degree of colonization,whereas the flavonols kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and rutin showed no effect. These results show that in contrast to their effect on the presymbiotic growth of the AMF on the level of root colonization, the tested flavonoids do not exhibit a genus- and species-specificity. Moreover, comparison of our data with the data obtained by J.M. Scervino, M.A. Ponce, R. Erra-Bassells, H. Vierheilig, J.A. Ocampo, and A. Godeas. (2005a. J. Plant Interact. 15: 22–30) indicates that a positive effect on the hyphal growth of AMF does not necessarily result in an enhanced AM root colonization, further indicating that the mode of action of flavonoids at the level of root colonization is more complex.

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Influence of Mixed Substrate and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthetic Efficiency, Nutrient and Water Status and Yield in Tomato Plants Irrigated with Saline Reclaimed Waters

Water ◽

10.3390/w12020438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 438 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

María José Gómez-Bellot ◽

Beatriz Lorente ◽

María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco ◽

María Fernanda Ortuño ◽

Pedro Antonio Nortes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Water Status ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

High Water ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Mixed Substrate ◽

Coconut Fibre

The use of reclaimed water (RW) is considered as a means of maintaining agricultural productivity under drought conditions. However, RW may contain high concentrations of salts. The use of some practices, such as biofertilizers and organic substrates, is also becoming increasingly important in agricultural. production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of a mixed substrate (with coconut fibre) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on water relations, nutrient uptake and productivity in tomato plants irrigated with saline RW in a commercial greenhouse. Saline RW on its own caused a nutrient imbalance and negatively affected several physiological parameters. However, the high water-holding capacity of coconut fibre in the mixed substrate increased water and nutrient availability for the plants. As a consequence, leaf water potential, gas exchange, some fluorescence parameters (PhiPSII, Fv’/Fm’, qP and ETR) and fruit size and weight improved, even in control irrigation conditions. The use of AMF improved only some parameters because of the low percentage of colonization, suggesting that AMF effectiveness in commercial field conditions is slower and dependent of several factors.

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Increased Growth and Yield of Hydroponically Grown Greenhouse Tomato Plants Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

BioControl ◽

10.1007/s10526-005-4243-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 393-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. Utkhede

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Greenhouse Tomato ◽

Hydroponically Grown

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Seaweed extract effect on arbuscular mycorrhizae spore in soil engineered by earthworm, and the soil effect on upland rice growth

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012003 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012003

Author(s):

L M H Kilowasid ◽

R Ariansyah ◽

L Afa ◽

G A K Sutariati ◽

Namriah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Yield Components ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Soil Biota ◽

Seaweed Extract ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Growth ◽

Engineered Soil

Abstract Seaweed extract is known to contain nutrients and growth-regulating substances that affect soil biota, and a source of protection against pests and diseases. Earthworm, which is an example of a soil biota and playing the role of ecosystem engineer, has the ability to produce suitable land biostructures, for the inhabitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which has an impact on upland rice growth. Therefore, this study aims to determine, (i) the effect of seaweed extract on the population of earthworms and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and (ii) the impact of the engineered soil on the growth of local upland rice varieties. Furthermore, the extract of seaweed, such as Kappapychus alvarezii, was divided into five concentration levels, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Each treatment was drenched into the soil from the cogongrass vegetated area, mixed with 20 Pheretima sp., and maintained for 49 days in the greenhouse. The result showed that the total difference in the earthworms’ concentration treatments was not significant. It also showed that the total AMF spores in the engineered soil products of 20% concentration was the highest. Based on treatment with the earthworm engineered soil products, the highest and lowest vegetative growth and yield components of upland rice were observed at the concentrations of 80% and 0%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of seaweed extract to the soil did not significantly reduce the earthworm population. The extract concentration of 20% also increased the total AMF spore in the engineered soil. Moreover, highly treated engineered soil products increased the growth and yield components of upland Kambowa rice on cogongrass soils.

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Effect of aboveground plant conditioner treatment on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of tomato and pepper

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/4/2019-hortsci ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 208-214

Author(s):

Alena F. Lukács ◽

Gábor M. Kovács

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Agriculture Systems ◽

Pepper Cultivar

We aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment with an aboveground plant conditioner has an effect on important vegetable crops inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and on their colonization by AMF. Potting experiments were set with pepper and tomato plants inoculated with commercial AMF inoculum and plants were treated with an aboveground plant conditioner. After harvesting, the dry weight of shoots and roots were measured, and the AMF colonization of the roots was quantified. We found a significant effect of the treatment on fungal colonization: the AMF colonization, the hyphal colonization rate and the frequency of the arbuscules in the roots of both vegetables were lower when aboveground plant conditioner was applied. Although the two species differed, no significant effect of the treatment on the growth of the plants was detected. Based on our findings we assumed that the lower AMF colonization more greatly influenced the growth of the pepper cultivar studied. We demonstrated that treatment with a commercial aboveground plant conditioner had an antagonistic effect on AMF colonization, which, in addition to many other effects, might influence the growth vegetable crops. The interaction of different practices applied simultaneously should be tested to effectively help the development suitable agriculture systems.

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