scholarly journals Associated SNPs, Heritabilities, Trait Correlations, and Genomic Breeding Values for Resistance in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Root Rot Caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) f. sp. phaseoli (Burkholder)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Huster ◽  
Lyle T. Wallace ◽  
James R. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Rot Disease

Root rot is a major constraint to snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in the United States and around the world. Genetic resistance is needed to effectively control root rot disease because cultural control methods are ineffective, and the pathogen will be present at the end of one season of production on previously clean land. A diversity panel of 149 snap bean pure lines was evaluated for resistance to Fusarium root rot in Oregon. Morphological traits potentially associated with root rot resistance, such as aboveground biomass, adventitious roots, taproot diameter, basal root diameter, deepest root angle, shallowest root angle, root angle average, root angle difference, and root angle geometric mean were evaluated and correlated to disease severity. A genome wide association study (GWAS) using the Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) statistical method, identified five associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for disease severity and two SNPs for biomass. The SNPs were found on Pv03, Pv07, Pv08, Pv10, and Pv11. One candidate gene for disease reaction near a SNP on Pv03 codes for a peroxidase, and two candidates associated with biomass SNPs were a 2-alkenal reductase gene cluster on Pv10 and a Pentatricopeptide repeat domain on Pv11. Bean lines utilized in the study were ranked by genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for disease severity, biomass, and the root architecture traits, and the observed and predicted values had high to moderate correlations. Cross validation of genomic predictions showed slightly lower correlational accuracy. Bean lines with the highest GEBV were among the most resistant, but did not necessarily rank at the very top numerically. This study provides information on the relationship of root architecture traits to root rot disease reaction. Snap bean lines with genetic merit for genomic selection were identified and may be utilized in future breeding efforts.

scholarly journals Biological control of Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum root rot disease using Trichoderma species

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Abdelwanees Ketta ◽  
Omar Abd El-Raouf Hewedy
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Pea Root Rot

Abstract Background Root rot pathogens reported to cause considerable losses in both the quality and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). It is an aggressive crop disease with detriment economic influence caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani among other soil-borne fungal pathogens. Destructive plant diseases such as root rot have been managed in the last decades using synthetic pesticides. Main body Seeking of economical and eco-friendly alternatives to combat aggressive soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause significant yield losses is urgently needed. Trichoderma emerged as promising antagonist that inhibits pathogens including those inducing root rot disease. Detailed studies for managing common bean and pea root rot disease using different Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. asperellum, T. atroviridae, T. lignorum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, T. cerinum, and T. album) were reported both in vitro and in vivo with promotion of plant growth and induction of systemic defense. The wide scale application of selected metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. to induce host resistance and/or to promote crop yield, may represent a powerful tool for the implementation of integrated pest management strategies. Conclusions Biological management of common bean and pea root rot-inducing pathogens using various species of the Trichoderma fungus might have taken place during the recent years. Trichoderma species and their secondary metabolites are useful in the development of protection against root rot to bestow high-yielding common bean and pea crops.

scholarly journals A nondestructive method to assess rot root severity of Lactuca sativa L

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 375-375
Author(s):  
P. Suvarnaphaet ◽  
V. Tanmala ◽  
M. Kanjanamaneesathian
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Diseased Root ◽  
Rot Disease

Root rot disease caused by aquatic fungi such as Aphanomyces sp and Pythium sp is prevalent in Lactuca sativa grown in a dynamic root floating technique (DRFT) hydroponic system in Phetchaburi College of Agriculture and Technology Thailand Roots of this plant have been severely infected with these fungi and plant growth has been affected resulting in a decline of yield over time Symptoms of root rot are initially characterised by tissue discoloration in some parts of the root followed by a loss of tissue integrity of the whole root In the DRFT system root rot symptoms of L sativa range from severe (complete) root rot to a healthylooking root (no symptoms)This study investigated the potential for using digital images as an objective tool for assessing disease severity with the aim of the tool being applied by assessors with no previous experience in disease assessment Lactuca sativa that had been grown in DRFT for 30 days and had various degrees of root rot symptoms were selected for the study Visual evaluation of the diseased root indicated that there were six levels of disease severity with root colour ranging from white (healthy looking) to completely black (severe root rot)When the diseased root samples were subjected to digital image analysis between the black and white extremes there was one shade of grey and three shades of brown The images of these six levels of severity were analysed using Hunter L a and b values It was found that the six levels of root rot severity could be distinguished based upon the L parameters The value of Lightness (Hunter L) which is transformed from RGB digital image (using a color calculator in http//wwweasyrgbcom) decreased exponentially (from severity level 1 to 6) with a constant value at 048 This indicates that digital image analysis using this simple tool can be utilised to objectively assess root rot disease in L sativa Once this technology is thoroughly studied developed and validated for lettuce growing in the DRFT system there is potential for it to be a useful tool to assist lettuce growers in making a decision to implement control measures

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF RESISTANCE IN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS TO ROOT ROT DISEASE, CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI, USING JASMONIC ACID

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
TAHANI A. HATHOUT ◽  
MOHAMED S. FELAIFEL ◽  
SAMIA M. EL-KHALLAL ◽  
HODA H. ABO-GHALIA ◽  
RABAB A. GAD
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Induction Of Resistance ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Response of Cover Crops to Phytopythium vexans, Phytophthora nicotianae, and Rhizoctonia solani, Major Soilborne Pathogens of Woody Ornamentals

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Milan Panth ◽  
Anthony Witcher ◽  
Fulya Baysal-Gurel
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Production System ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Management of plant diseases is a subject of concern for researchers as well as growers. Different management practices are being developed and used to combat the rising number of plant pathogens, which threaten nursery crop production. Use of cover crops for sustainable management of soilborne diseases is being explored as an alternative strategy to the chemicals. However, the potential threat of these cover crops acting as a secondary host of these devastating soilborne pathogens has not been described. We studied the response of the major cover crops being used by woody ornamental growers in the Southeastern United States to Phytopythium vexans, Phytophthora nicotianae, and Rhizoctonia solani in greenhouse conditions to identify the effective cover crops that can be used in a nursery field production system. Data related to post-emergence damping-off and plant growth parameters (plant height increase and fresh weight) were recorded. Similarly, cover crop roots were assessed for root rot disease severity using a scale of 0–100% roots affected. Among the tested cover crops, the grass cover crops triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz), and the legumes Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir) and cowpea ‘Iron and Clay’ (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), showed lower root rot disease severity and post-emergence damping-off in the soil inoculated with P. nicotianae, R. solani, or P. vexans compared to the other crops. Since these cover crops can act as non-host crops and benefit the main crop in one way or another, they can be used in the production system. Further research is recommended to evaluate their performance in a natural field setting.

scholarly journals FIELD EVALUATION OF ROOT ROT DISEASE AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISEASE SEVERITY AND YIELD IN CASSAVA

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. ONYEKA ◽  
A. G. O. DIXON ◽  
E. J. A. EKPO
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rot Disease

Reports of cassava root rot disease from different African countries have increased in recent times. Field studies were conducted from July 1998 to October 1999 to determine a reproducible disease assessment method that would allow the comparison of results from different locations and an evaluation of the relationship between disease severity and root yield. Single point disease assessments at 6, 9, 12 and 15 months after planting (MAP) were compared to multiple points assessment based on the area under a disease progress curve (AUDPC). Single point assessments at 12 and 15 MAP, and the AUDPC identified continuous variation (p≤0.01) among the genotypes. However, a consistent result across trials was obtained only with the assessment based on AUDPC. Root dry yield (DYLD) at 15 MAP showed a strong negative correlation with AUDPC (r=−0.74). Regression analysis also confirmed the negative relationship between yield and root rot severity. The five genotypes compared were separated into resistant (91/02324, 30572 and 92/0427) and susceptible (92/0057 and TME-1) groups. It was concluded that root rot disease may cause significant yield loss; however, the magnitude of the yield loss will depend on the susceptibility of the cassava genotype.

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