scholarly journals Genetic Mapping and Identification of the Candidate Genes for Mottled Rind in Cucumis melo L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Shen ◽  
Xinyang Xu ◽  
Yuejian Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Niu ◽  
Weisong Shou
Keyword(s):  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Epistatic Effect ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
And Behavior

The rind appearance of melon is one of the most vital commercial quality traits which determines the preferences and behavior of consumers toward the consumption of melon. In this study, we constructed an F2 population derived from SC (mottled rind) and MG (non-mottled rind) lines for mapping the mottled rind gene(s) in melon. Genetic analysis showed that there were two dominant genes (CmMt1 and CmMt2) with evidence of epistasis controlling the mottled rind. Meanwhile, the phenotypic segregation ratio implied that the immature rind color had an epistatic effect on the mottled rind, which was regulated by CmAPRR2. A Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) DNA marker (CmAPRR2SNP(G/T)) was developed and shown to co-segregate with rind color, confirming that CmAPRR2 was CmMt1. Using bulked segregant analysis sequencing and KASP assays, CmMt2 was fine-mapped to an interval of 40.6 kb with six predicted genes. Functional annotation, expression analysis, and sequence variation analyses confirmed that AtCPSFL1 homolog, MELO3C026282, was the most likely candidate gene for CmMt2. Moreover, pigment content measurement and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that CmMt2 might participate in the development of chloroplast, which, in turn, decreases the accumulation of chlorophyll. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying rind appearance and reveal valuable information for marker-assisted selection breeding in melon.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Modelling and Microstructural Study of Z-Phase Formation in a Ta-Alloyed Martensitic Steel

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Florian Riedlsperger ◽  
Bernadette Gsellmann ◽  
Erwin Povoden-Karadeniz ◽  
Oriana Tassa ◽  
Susanna Matera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Focus ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Interfacial Energies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

A thermokinetic computational framework for precipitate transformation simulations in Ta-containing martensitic Z-steels was developed, including Calphad thermodynamics, diffusion mobility data from the literature, and a kinetic parameter setup that considered precipitation sites, interfacial energies and dislocation density evolution. The thermodynamics of Ta-containing subsystems were assessed by atomic solubility data and enthalpies from the literature as well as from the experimental dissolution temperature of Ta-based Z-phase CrTaN obtained from differential scanning calorimetry. Accompanied by a comprehensive transmission electron microscopy analysis of the microstructure, thermokinetic precipitation simulations with a wide-ranging and well-documented set of input parameters were carried out in MatCalc for one sample alloy. A special focus was placed on modelling the transformation of MX into the Z-phase, which was driven by Cr diffusion. The simulation results showed excellent agreement with experimental data in regard to size, number density and chemical composition of the precipitates, showing the usability of the developed thermokinetic simulation framework.

scholarly journals Morphological changes and bioaccumulation in response to cadmium exposure in Morchella spongiola, a fungus with potential for detoxification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Xu ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Qing Meng ◽  
Zhanling Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Micro Morphology

<i>Morchella</i> is a genus of edible fungi with strong resistance to Cd and the ability to accumulate it in the mycelium. However, the mechanisms conferring Cd resistance in <i>Morchella</i> are unknown. In the present study, morphological and physiological responses to Cd were evaluated in the mycelia of <i>Morchella spongiola</i>. Variations in hyphal micro-morphology including twisting, folding and kinking in mycelia exposed to different Cd concentrations (0.15, 0.9, 1.5, 2.4, 5.0 mg/L) were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Deposition of Cd precipitates on cell surfaces (at Cd concentrations > 2.4 mg/L) was shown by SEM-EDS. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of cells exposed to different concentrations of Cd revealed the loss of intracellular structures and the localization of Cd depositions inside/outside the cell. FTIR analysis showed that functional groups such as C=O, -OH, -NH and -CH could be responsible for Cd binding on the cell surface of <i>M. spongiola</i>. In addition, intracellular accumulation was observed in cultures at low Cd concentrations (< 0.9 mg/L), while extracellular adsorption occurred at higher concentrations. These results provide valuable information on the Cd tolerance mechanism in <i>M. spongiola</i> and constitute a robust foundation for further studies on fungal bioremediation strategies.

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