Efficient and selective removal of Pb(ii) from aqueous solution by a thioether-functionalized lignin-based magnetic adsorbent

The effective and selective removal of heavy metal ions from sewage is a major challenge and is of great significance to the treatment and recovery of metal waste.

Sandtorg.

In this paper, I discuss a potential market place for theexchange of goods at Sandtorg in Harstad municipality,Troms and Finnmark county during the Iron Age and theMiddle Ages. Recently, a total of 125 objects were uncoveredon a farm, previously only mentioned in written sources inthe mid-16th century. Finds of jewelry, silver, coins, weightand metal waste from the Viking Age suggest that exchangeof goods started at the site somewhere between AD 800 and 900. Further finds indicate that there were exchangegoods here throughout the Middle Ages and onwards to thehistorically documented trade. At the location, excavationshave uncovered a far larger amount of metalworking wastethan one would expect on an ordinary farm. This included lead, copper alloys, iron and silver. The finds indicate asmithy close to the Viking Age beach level and may suggestconstruction and repair of sea vessels at the site. AroundSandtorg there are no known Viking Age graves, indicatingthat Sandtorg did not have a large permanent population,and consequently was not a large marketplace. However,it is possible that the market function was combined withservices such as repairs or construction of seagoing vesselsand guesthouses for travelers. If so, the activity at Sandtorg may have been significant.

Magnetic-abrasive finishing with new diffusion-alloyed materials based on dispersed metal waste

The article discusses the issues of assessing the effectiveness of the use of new diffusion-alloyed ferromagnetic abrasive materials in the technology of magnetic abrasive finishing. The productivity of processing and the roughness of the processed surface were evaluated as they are considered to be the main performance criteria of ferric-abrasive powders (FAP). There were researched three types of powders: common Fe-TiC powder, obtained by the sintering (as a reference), and two new diffusion alloyed (borated and nitrocarburized) FAP, made of low-carbon finely dispersed ferrum-based wastes. Both new proposed diffusion-alloyed powders have better cutting characteristics then reference powder, explained by the structure features and their properties. Evaluation of productivity and roughness of surface shows, that there is their direct dependence of morphology, hardness and fragility of powder particles. The best cutting characteristics has borated powders, as they have microhardness 18,000-20,000 MPa and the tendency to brittle fracture, that leads to the new less-sized particles with sharp cutting edges creation.

THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS OF LEAD METAL SOLUTION PH VARIATIONS ON ADSORBENT FROM TIRTA MUSI WASTE MUD WASTE PALEMBANG

Industrial waste can cause environmental pollution, one of which is solid metal waste. Lead is a dangerous and toxic heavy metal that can cause damage to the surrounding environment. Liquid waste containing mercury in industry contains a mixture of chemical compounds that other This causes the pH of the solution in the waste to vary. Lead metal waste needs to be treated with method one of which is the absorption of waste using an adsorbent. To enlarge the pores, the adsorbent will be activated using a 2 M KOH solution with the selected adsorbent, namely the sewage sludge of PDAM Tirta Musi Palembang which contains PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) which can help optimize absorption. The level of metal degradation was analyzed using AAS with absorption parameters obtained 4 with an absorption capacity of 23 ,22 mg/g.

Estimation of the volume of metal waste generated during ship recycling

In the case of a long-term stagnation of the ship, before being transferred for disposal, its structures are exposed to the environment and, as a result, are destroyed. Ultimately, this leads to the fact that part of the metal becomes unsuitable for further use, even as a secondary raw material, and will be sent to waste, which must be buried in a certain way, leading the treatment in accordance with current standards. The presence of waste will reduce the mass of metal that is sent for processing, and, consequently, brings profit to the ship recycling yards. The article considers an approach that allows us to estimate the volume of waste and the reduction in the mass of "useful" metal, both in general terms and numerically for a specific ship project. Equations are obtained that allow determining the mass of spent metal, both in operation and in long-term stagnation of the ship.

Calculating Dynamic Strengths of Concrete Subjected to Impact Load

The objective of this paper is to calculate the influential properties of concrete. These are the dynamic properties of sustainable concrete in the situation in which metal waste can found within its components. Growing the rate of pollution in the world, a fast decrease of the original resource, the requirement for utilization more areas of natural land, and increase the price of the newly available area are the reasons that make the researchers give great attention to the new concrete (green concrete) and destruction of unwanted material in the green mix. The concept of reuse aimed at sustainable structures was implemented within the current paper through consuming metal waste of cans and bottle caps in concrete. The waste materials were consumed in two modes; at 1st mode, it was applied in the role of fibres and mixed using 15% by weight of cement. On the 2nd mode, it was applied as coarse aggregate with 25% replaced by volume. The procedure includes testing 4 concrete mixes. The estimated properties were the flexural and compressive strengths, besides modulus of elasticity. Adding bottle caps (waste materials fibres) in concrete led to enhancement in strengths. The use of walls of cans (waste materials fibres) in concrete reduced the strengths. While in the case of compacted bottle caps plus pull-tab of cans (waste materials aggregate), concrete mechanical properties a little below the reference mix. The dynamic properties of concrete contain these types of waste under impact load were determined. As known, the dynamic properties are so helpful in the strategy that deals with civil constructions put in danger of impact loads like runways, gas explosion, etc. CEB-FIP (2010) code provides wide-ranging formulas to predict the strain change of concrete. The dynamic properties are determined by this code with consideration strain level between (10-2-100). In this range, dynamic loads in the civil constructions at the level of quasi-static strain were predicted.

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POWDER MATERIALS OBTAINED BY ELECTRODISPERSION OF NICHROME METAL WASTE

The results of experimental studies aimed at studying the structure and properties of electroerosive nichrome powders obtained in distilled water are presented. The high efficiency of the application of the electrodispersion technology, which provides, at low energy costs, the production of new nichrome powder materials suitable for industrial use, is shown.