scholarly journals Episodic Autobiographical Memory Impairment and Differences in Pronoun Use: Study of Self-Awareness in Functional Amnesia and Transient Global Amnesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Becquet ◽  
Julien Cogez ◽  
Jacques Dayan ◽  
Pierrick Lebain ◽  
Fausto Viader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Global Amnesia ◽  
Dissociative Tendencies ◽  
Original Measure ◽  
Definition Of

The subjective experience associated to memory processing is the core of the definition of episodic autobiographical memory (EAM). However, while it is widely known that amnesia affects the content of memories, few studies focused on the consequences of an impairment of EAM on the subjective self, also called the I-self. In the present study, we explored the I-self in two puzzling disorders that affect EAM: functional amnesia, which has an impact on autobiographical memory, and transient global amnesia (TGA), which only affects episodic memory. I-self was assessed through an original measure of self-integration in autobiographical narratives, namely the use of general or personal pronouns. Results showed that patients with functional amnesia tended to use general pronouns, whereas patients with TGA preferentially used the first person. The link between I-self and depersonalization-derealisation tendencies was also explored, showing dissociative tendencies in patients with functional amnesia but not in patients with TGA. We discuss these results from a combined neuropsychological and psychopathological perspective, with a view to proposing an explanatory model of the links between self-awareness and the episodic component of autobiographical memory.

scholarly journals Transient global amnesia: Isolated event or healthy predictor? Clinical experience of an Italian Emergency Department

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Barbieri ◽  
Alessandro Cipriano ◽  
Simona Luly ◽  
Viola Del Nista ◽  
Eugenio Orsitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Anterograde Amnesia ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Benign Pathology ◽  
Global Amnesia

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by reversible anterograde amnesia, in which the patient is alert, self-awareness appears intact and other neurological symptoms are absent. The diagnosis is based on the following criteria: i) witnessed event; ii) acute onset of anterograde amnesia; iii) no accompanying neurological symptoms; iv) no alteration of consciousness; v) no epileptic features; vi) resolution within 24 hours; vii) exclusion of other causes. We conducted a cohort study at the Department of Emergency Medicine on 119 patients with TGA diagnosis from 2010 to 2014, with follow-up evaluation by telephone interview. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the frequency of subsequent episodes, to identify predisposing factors, and to investigate whether TGA is a possible predictor of neurological disease. The frequency of comorbidity in our population was in line with literature. We observed a recurrence rate of 9.5%, with a prevalence for the male gender, while no other factor correlates with TGA recurrence. TGA was not a predictor of further neurological diseases. In conclusion, TGA is a benign pathology with a low probability of relapse. Accordingly, management in Emergency Department should be based on a correct initial clinical classification for rapid discharge.

scholarly journals BMC NeurologyFactors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tynas ◽  
Peter K Panegyres
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Amnesia

Abstract Aetiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains uncertain, though many have been proposed, including ischaemic, migrainous or epileptic pathologies. We attempted to determine risk factors for TGA, as well as prognostic factors that may cause recurrence. We evaluated clinical history, family history and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies of 93 prospective patients with TGA. Patients were followed from 2004-2016. Fifteen of 93 (16%) patients experienced a recurrence of TGA. Among precipitating events, physical activities inducing Valsalva-like manoeuvres were most common, followed by emotional stress. Eighty-four patients had possible comorbidities or risk factors for TGA, though no single risk factor was ubiquitous. Risk factors associated with recurrence were head injury (isolated vs. recurrent, 16.7% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.01), depression (isolated vs. recurrent, 15.4% vs 46.7%, p = 0.01) and family history of dementia (isolated vs. recurrent, 20.5% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.03). Of 15 patients with confirmed recurrent TGA, two developed dementia and four subjective memory impairment. DWI lesions were observed in 24 patients and were located anywhere within the hippocampus. DWI lesions were not significantly associated with outcomes (recurrence, subjective memory impairment, dementia). We have found that depression, previous head injury and family history of dementia may predict TGA recurrence.

scholarly journals Psychopathological factors, memory disorders and transient global amnesia

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Noël ◽  
Peggy Quinette ◽  
Bérengère Gulllery-Girard ◽  
Jacques Dayan ◽  
Pascale Piolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Global Amnesia ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders ◽  
Mood Scale

BackgroundSome studies have shown the presence of psychopathological disorders in transient global amnesia.AimsTo determine whether transient global amnesia is associated with psychopathological disorders and to assess the influence of these psychopathological disorders on memory impairments.MethodLevels of anxiety and depression before and during transient global amnesia were rated. Memory performances were assessed by means of original episodic memory tasks and working memory tasks. These data were collected in 17 individuals observed during the very acute phase, 18 individuals examined in the peri-acute phase and 26 controls.ResultsDuring the acute phase, participants with transient global amnesia displayed a higher level of anxiety and a more depressed mood than controls. An alteration of emotional state, as measured by the Adjective Mood Scale, was correlated with deficits in anterograde memory.ConclusionsTransient global amnesia comprises sudden changes in people's emotional state, which has a major impact on and interacts with episodic memory impairment.

scholarly journals Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tynas ◽  
Peter K Panegyres
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Amnesia

Abstract Background: Aetiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains uncertain, though many have been proposed, including ischaemic, migrainous or epileptic pathologies. Methods: We attempted to determine risk factors for TGA, as well as prognostic factors that may cause recurrence. We evaluated clinical history, family history and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies of 93 prospective patients with TGA. Patients were followed from 2004-2016. Fifteen of 93 (16%) patients experienced a recurrence of TGA. Results: Among precipitating events, physical activities inducing Valsalva-like manoeuvres were most common, followed by emotional stress. Eighty-four patients had possible comorbidities or risk factors for TGA, though no single risk factor was ubiquitous. Risk factors associated with recurrence were head injury (isolated vs. recurrent, 16.7% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.01), depression (isolated vs. recurrent, 15.4% vs 46.7%, p = 0.01) and family history of dementia (isolated vs. recurrent, 20.5% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.03). Of 15 patients with confirmed recurrent TGA, two developed dementia and four subjective memory impairment. DWI lesions were observed in 24 patients and were located anywhere within the hippocampus. Conclusions: DWI lesions were not significantly associated with outcomes (recurrence, subjective memory impairment, dementia). We have found that depression, previous head injury and family history of dementia may predict TGA recurrence.

scholarly journals Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tynas ◽  
Peter K Panegyres
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Amnesia

Abstract Aetiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains uncertain, though many have been proposed, including ischaemic, migrainous or epileptic pathologies. We attempted to determine risk factors for TGA, as well as prognostic factors that may cause recurrence. We evaluated clinical history, family history and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies of 93 prospective patients with TGA. Patients were followed up regarding recurrence and prognostic factors. Fifteen of 93 (16%) patients experienced a recurrence of TGA. Among precipitating events, physical activities inducing Valsalva-like manoeuvres were most common, followed by emotional stress. Eighty-four patients had possible comorbidities or risk factor for TGA, though no single risk factor was ubiquitous. Risk factors associated with recurrence were head injury (isolated vs. recurrent, 16,7% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.01), depression (isolated vs. recurrent, 15.4% vs 46.7%, p = 0.01) and family history of dementia (isolated vs. recurrent, 20.5% vs 46.7%, p = 0.03). Of 15 patients with confirmed recurrent TGA, two developed dementia and four subjective memory impairment. DWI lesions were observed in 24 patients and located anywhere within the hippocampus. DWI lesions were not significantly associated with outcomes (recurrence, subjective memory impairment, dementia). Findings suggest TGA is a heterogeneous syndrome. Among those with recurrence, depression, previous head injury and family history of dementia may be predictive factors. Encouraging primary prevention of head injury, managing depression and assisting in development of adequate coping mechanisms may decrease incidence. Education of healthcare works will also increase diagnostic rates, allowing for improved education and comfort for patients and families.

scholarly journals Computational animal welfare: towards cognitive architecture models of animal sentience, emotion and wellbeing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 201886
Author(s):  
Sergey Budaev ◽  
Tore S. Kristiansen ◽  
Jarl Giske ◽  
Sigrunn Eliassen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Animal Welfare Science ◽  
Definition Of

To understand animal wellbeing, we need to consider subjective phenomena and sentience. This is challenging, since these properties are private and cannot be observed directly. Certain motivations, emotions and related internal states can be inferred in animals through experiments that involve choice, learning, generalization and decision-making. Yet, even though there is significant progress in elucidating the neurobiology of human consciousness, animal consciousness is still a mystery. We propose that computational animal welfare science emerges at the intersection of animal behaviour, welfare and computational cognition. By using ideas from cognitive science, we develop a functional and generic definition of subjective phenomena as any process or state of the organism that exists from the first-person perspective and cannot be isolated from the animal subject. We then outline a general cognitive architecture to model simple forms of subjective processes and sentience. This includes evolutionary adaptation which contains top-down attention modulation, predictive processing and subjective simulation by re-entrant (recursive) computations. Thereafter, we show how this approach uses major characteristics of the subjective experience: elementary self-awareness, global workspace and qualia with unity and continuity. This provides a formal framework for process-based modelling of animal needs, subjective states, sentience and wellbeing.

Transient memory impairment and transient global amnesia induced by photodynamic therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reinholz ◽  
M.V. Heppt ◽  
F.S. Hoffmann ◽  
N. Lummel ◽  
T. Ruzicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Global Amnesia

NCMP-05. LEFT BASAL GANGLIA/INTERNAL CAPSULE GLIOBLASTOMA WITH MEMORY LOSS FROM CONTRALATERAL RADIATION INDUCED VASCULOPATHIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi148-vi148
Author(s):  
Shannon Higgins ◽  
Andrew Lassman ◽  
Laura Lennihan ◽  
Joshua Willey ◽  
Tony Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Global Amnesia

Abstract INTRODUCTION Radiation induced cerebral vasculopathy encompasses a complex and broad range of effects such as ischemia, hemorrhage, vascular malformation, capillary telangiectasias, and large vessel stenosis caused by pathological reorganization of tissue after radiation exposure. Necrosis and inflammation induce damage and demyelinating changes to other vessels over the corresponding areas that may occur months to years after brain irradiation. Here we report an unusual case of hemorrhagic basal ganglia/internal capsule glioblastoma followed by contralateral basal ganglia/internal capsule acute infarct with resulting acute transient global amnesia followed by chronic memory impairment. CASE REPORT A 58-year old man was diagnosed with a hemorrhagic left basal ganglia/internal capsule mass after presenting with severe headaches, agitation, and vomiting. Glioblastoma (IDH wild type by sequencing, MGMT unmethylated) was identified on resection. He underwent radiotherapy and concurrent and adjuvant (12 cycles) temozolomide. Serial surveillance brain MRI scans demonstrated multiple incidental vascular abnormalities including subacute right basal ganglia/internal capsule ischemic infarct, right temporal cavernoma, and right temporal intra-parenchymal hemorrhage approximately 1, 2, and 3 years after diagnosis, respectively. Approximately 4 years after diagnosis, he presented with transient global amnesia and imaging demonstrated right basal ganglia/internal capsule ischemic stroke. DISCUSSION Bilateral basal ganglia/internal capsule damage from stroke has been reported as causing memory impairment (Tatemichi TK et al, Neurology 1992;42:1966-79; PMID 1407580). Here we report memory impairment from unilateral basal ganglia/internal capsule tumor and contralateral infarct following brain radiotherapy as another mechanism of neurocognitive injury. Our case highlights the significance of continuing to surveil for these findings as new neurologic symptoms may mimic tumor progression.

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