scholarly journals Infants’ Selective Visual Attention Is Dependent on Maternal Affect and Emotional Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Juvrud ◽  
Sara A. Haas ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
Gustaf Gredebäck
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
First Year ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Selective Visual Attention ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Fearful Face ◽  
Angry Face ◽  
First Year Of Life

Development of selective attention during the first year of life is critical to cognitive and socio-emotional skills. It is also a period that the average child’s interactions with their mother dominate their social environment. This study examined how maternal negative affect and an emotion face prime (mother/stranger) jointly effect selective visual attention. Results from linear mixed-effects modeling showed that 9-month olds (N=70) were faster to find a visual search target after viewing a fearful face (regardless of familiarity) or their mother’s angry face. For mothers with high negative affect, infants’ attention was further impacted by fearful faces, resulting in faster search times. Face emotion interacted with mother’s negative affect, demonstrating a capacity to influence what infants attend in their environment.

scholarly journals Investigating emotion recognition in the first year of life using eye-tracking Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira C. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Key Words Emotion

The ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion is a critical part of human social interaction. Infants improve in this ability across the first year of life, but the mechanisms driving these changes and the origins of individual differences in this ability are largely unknown. This thesis used eye tracking to characterize infant scanning patterns of expressions. In study 1 (n = 40), I replicated the preference for fearful faces, and found that infants either allocated more attention to the eyes or the mouth across both happy and fearful expressions. In study 2 (n = 40), I found that infants differentially scanned the critical facial features of dynamic expressions. In study 3 (n = 38), I found that maternal depressive symptoms and positive and negative affect were related to individual differences in infants’ scanning of emotional expressions. Implications for our understanding of the development of emotion recognition are discussed. Key Words: emotion recognition, infancy eye tracking, socioemotional development

scholarly journals Infant Emotional Mimicry of Strangers: Associations with Parent Emotional Mimicry, Parent-Infant Mutual Attention, and Parent Dispositional Affective Empathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Eliala A. Salvadori ◽  
Cristina Colonnesi ◽  
Heleen S. Vonk ◽  
Frans J. Oort ◽  
Evin Aktar
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Year ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Path Models ◽  
First Year Of Life

Emotional mimicry, the tendency to automatically and spontaneously reproduce others’ facial expressions, characterizes human social interactions from infancy onwards. Yet, little is known about the factors modulating its development in the first year of life. This study investigated infant emotional mimicry and its association with parent emotional mimicry, parent-infant mutual attention, and parent dispositional affective empathy. One hundred and seventeen parent-infant dyads (51 six-month-olds, 66 twelve-month-olds) were observed during video presentation of strangers’ happy, sad, angry, and fearful faces. Infant and parent emotional mimicry (i.e., facial expressions valence-congruent to the video) and their mutual attention (i.e., simultaneous gaze at one another) were systematically coded second-by-second. Parent empathy was assessed via self-report. Path models indicated that infant mimicry of happy stimuli was positively and independently associated with parent mimicry and affective empathy, while infant mimicry of sad stimuli was related to longer parent-infant mutual attention. Findings provide new insights into infants’ and parents’ coordination of mimicry and attention during triadic contexts of interactions, endorsing the social-affiliative function of mimicry already present in infancy: emotional mimicry occurs as an automatic parent-infant shared behavior and early manifestation of empathy only when strangers’ emotional displays are positive, and thus perceived as affiliative.

scholarly journals Investigating emotion recognition in the first year of life using eye-tracking Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira C. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Key Words Emotion

The ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion is a critical part of human social interaction. Infants improve in this ability across the first year of life, but the mechanisms driving these changes and the origins of individual differences in this ability are largely unknown. This thesis used eye tracking to characterize infant scanning patterns of expressions. In study 1 (n = 40), I replicated the preference for fearful faces, and found that infants either allocated more attention to the eyes or the mouth across both happy and fearful expressions. In study 2 (n = 40), I found that infants differentially scanned the critical facial features of dynamic expressions. In study 3 (n = 38), I found that maternal depressive symptoms and positive and negative affect were related to individual differences in infants’ scanning of emotional expressions. Implications for our understanding of the development of emotion recognition are discussed. Key Words: emotion recognition, infancy eye tracking, socioemotional development

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Gastric electrical activity in normal neonates during the first year of life. Effect of lactation with breast milk and formula

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A209-A209
Author(s):  
G RIEZZO ◽  
R CASTELLANA ◽  
T DEBELLIS ◽  
F LAFORGIA ◽  
F INDRIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gastric Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Normal Neonates

Predictors of family discipline strategies with babies in their first year of life

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lawrence ◽  
Andrew Gray ◽  
Rachael Taylor ◽  
Barry Taylor
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Family Discipline
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