scholarly journals Gender Differences in Individual Dishonesty Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Muñoz García ◽  
Beatriz Gil-Gómez de Liaño ◽  
David Pascual-Ezama
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Financial Losses

Dishonesty has an enormous impact on all aspects of our society. It causes huge financial losses annually, so efforts to understand dishonest behavior have increased. However, one of the main questions yet to be answered is whether dishonesty varies according to gender. Do men behave more dishonestly than women? Although the literature points to a yes, there is still no consensus on the matter. We examined gender differences in dishonesty in a large sample (N = 2,452) using a model recently developed by Pascual-Ezama et al. It is a variation of the classic die-under-the-cup task. It enabled us to identify individual dishonesty profiles and look for gender differences between them. The results show that the men were more prone to behave dishonestly than women with small rewards, who seem satisfied without maximizing the potential reward. However, the differences vanished when there was no reward. The men also showed more radical dishonest behavior than the women. The results also suggest that gender differences might be shaped by factors other than gender.

scholarly journals Exploring the Odds: Gender Differences in Departing the Engineering Profession

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-461
Author(s):  
Nadya A. Fouad ◽  
Michael B. Kozlowski ◽  
Romila Singh ◽  
Nina G. Linneman ◽  
Samantha S. Schams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Engineering Profession ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
The Past ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Theory Of Work Adjustment ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Categorical Response ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

Women’s departure or nonentrance into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professions, particularly engineering, has been a lively source of scholarly inquiry for the past three decades. Much of the literature in this area has been with solely female samples of participants, begging the question as to whether or not men and women either choose to leave the profession or not enter for the same or similar reasons. This present study collected a large sample of men ( n = 1,273) who had either left or never entered the engineering profession and compared their responses to a large sample of women ( n = 1,235) on a set of categorical response variables. Using the perspective of the Theory of Work Adjustment, our results suggest that there are gender differences in reasons for departure, raising the possibility that engineering climates differentially reinforce needs for men and women. Implications of this research are discussed.

Individual differences in the propensity to make attributions to prejudice

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart S. Miller ◽  
Donald A. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ambiguous Situations

Whether racism is perceived in ambiguous situations may depend on individual differences in perceivers’ beliefs about the prevalence of racial prejudice and discrimination, trivialization of targets’ concerns, and vigilance and confidence in recognizing instances of racial prejudice. In Studies 1 and 2, we develop a psychometrically sound measure of these beliefs, the Propensity to Make Attributions to Prejudice Scale (PMAPS), and provide evidence that the PMAPS is related to individual differences in the justification and suppression of prejudice. Studies 3 and 5 provide evidence that the PMAPS predicts attributions to prejudice in a variety of situations. Theoretically consistent racial and gender differences in the PMAPS were found in a large sample (Study 4). Together, these data provide evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the PMAPS and provide insights about the role that beliefs and expectations play in third-party observers’ judgments about expressions of prejudice.

OP0066-HPR Performance-Based Memory Is Not Impaired in fibromyalgia. A Study in A Large Sample Also Testing Gender Differences. The al-Άndalus Project

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 80.1-80
Author(s):  
F. Estévez-Lόpez ◽  
I.C. Άlvarez-Gallardo ◽  
A. Soriano-Maldonado ◽  
M. Borges-Cosic ◽  
D. Camiletti-Moirόn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Large Sample

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Health Insurance Coverage in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhou ◽  
Shaoyang Zhao ◽  
Zhi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Market Condition ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Education Group

Abstract Background: China initiated a reform of the health insurance system in the late 1990s. The new insurance, urban Employee basic medical insurance (UEBMI), is employment-based, which makes it more difficult than it used to be for those unemployed or informal employed (most of whom are women) to be covered by health insurance. Methods: based on three large sample of micro datasets, we first use statistical methods to identify gender differences in health insurance. Next, we construct a logistic regression model to capture the differences in insurance coverage across age groups using the parameter of interaction terms for gender and age groups.Results: Based on data from a demographic survey that covers a large sample, we find that in the below 50 (in 2005) or 60 (in 2015) years age group, the coverage gap of UEBMI between men and women was relatively smaller, while a larger disparity existed in the above 50 (in 2005) or 60 (in 2015) group. Moreover, gender differences in health insurance were more significant in the low-education group, while no gender differences were found in the high-education group.Conclusions: This paper explains the gender gap in health insurance and the reason for the wider gap among older people. Our study indicates that because the UEBMI in China mainly covers people with formal jobs, a lower labor participation rate (even much lower in formal jobs) of women has led to their greater difficulty in obtaining health insurance. Since the older women’s greater difficulty in obtaining jobs or susceptibility to lay-offs during the period of the UEBMI’s implementation, the possibility of being covered was even much lower. In fact, it was because of the combined effects of the UEBMI system and the labor market condition at that time that older women had a lower proportion of being covered under the UEBMI.

Gender differences in supervisors’ multidimensional performance ratings: Large sample evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Stone ◽  
Jeff Foster ◽  
Brian D. Webster ◽  
Jennifer Harrison ◽  
I. M. Jawahar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Large Sample

scholarly journals Can Gender Differences in Distress Due to Difficult Voices Be Explained by Differences in Relating?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Schlier ◽  
Xenia Sitara ◽  
Clara Strauss ◽  
Aikaterini Rammou ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Matched Samples ◽  
Mediation Models

Abstract Background Research on gender differences has found that women relate to negative voice hearing experiences with more negative emotions and report more distress due to voices, which may be rooted in differences in relating to voices. This study used a robust methodology and a large sample to explore gender differences in relating to voices and voice distress. Methods Matched samples of male (n = 124) and female (n = 124) voice hearers were drawn from a survey for secondary analysis. Voice severity (e.g., frequency or loudness), voice distress, and different types of dysfunctional (i.e., passive or aggressive) and functional (assertive) relating were measured. Group comparisons, mediation models, and network analyses were calculated. Results Female voice hearers reported more severe voices, more voice distress, more passive, and less assertive relating. Mediation and network analyses yielded evidence for pathways from gender to voice distress via relating and via differences in voice severity. Conclusion Gender differences in the emotional impact of voices can be partially explained by relating behavior. Psychological interventions for voice hearing could be optimized by exploring the influence of gender in the emergence of distressing voices. Nevertheless, gender differences need to be treated as one of several different possible mechanisms when working with individual patients.

Absence of gender differences in pediatric bipolar disorder: findings from a large sample of referred youth

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Anne Kwon ◽  
Janet Wozniak ◽  
Eric Mick ◽  
Sarah Markowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Large Sample

scholarly journals Gender differences in health insurance coverage in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhou ◽  
Shaoyang Zhao ◽  
Zhi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Market Condition ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Education Group

Abstract Background China initiated a reform of the health insurance system in the late 1990s. The new insurance, Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI), is employment-based, which makes it more difficult than it used to be for those unemployed or informal employed (most of whom are women) to be covered by health insurance. Methods Based on three large sample of micro datasets, we first use statistical methods to identify gender differences in health insurance. Next, we construct a logistic regression model to capture the differences in insurance coverage across age groups using the parameter of interaction terms for gender and age groups. Results Based on data from a demographic survey that covers a large sample, we find that in the below 50 (in 2005) or 60 (in 2015) years age group, the coverage gap of UEBMI between men and women was relatively smaller, while a larger disparity existed in the above 50 (in 2005) or 60 (in 2015) group. Moreover, gender differences in health insurance were more significant in the low-education group, while no gender differences were found in the high-education group. Conclusions This paper explains the gender gap in health insurance and the reason for the wider gap among older people. Our study indicates that because the UEBMI in China mainly covers people with formal jobs, a lower labor participation rate (even much lower in formal jobs) of women has led to their greater difficulty in obtaining health insurance. Since the older women’s greater difficulty in obtaining jobs or susceptibility to lay-offs during the period of the UEBMI’s implementation, the possibility of being covered was even much lower. In fact, it was because of the combined effects of the UEBMI system and the labor market condition at that time that older women had a lower proportion of being covered under the UEBMI.

Gender Differences in Responding to Conflict in the Workplace: Evidence from a Large Sample of Working Adults

Sex Roles ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 500-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Davis ◽  
Sal Capobianco ◽  
Linda A. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Working Adults
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